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BIO test two
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| T/F It's possible for the same species to be categorized under two different names in different natural history museums around the world. | True |
| T/F Organisms on Earth are currently classified first as either plant or animal. | False |
| T/F Mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells are very similar to prokaryotes. | True |
| T/F Organisms that live in habitats with high levels of competition are more likely to produce defensive chemicals than those that live with little competition. | True |
| T/F Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in that they lack DNA. | False |
| T/F A minimum of 100 years of isolation is required for two populations to accumulate enough differences to be considered different species. | False |
| T/F When speciation occurs, the result is usually a dramatic change in appearance in the new species. | False |
| T/F When a founder population has a small gene pool, evolutionary change is more likely to be rapid than if the founder population has a large gene pool. | True |
| T/F Fossil evidence shows that all modern human populations evolved from human ancestors in Africa. | True |
| T/F Two populations that have adapted to similar environmental conditions sometimes have a similar appearance. | True |
| T/F Human population growth has always been exponential. | False |
| T/F Most developed countries have passed through a demographic transition and currently have low population growth rates. | True |
| T/F In general, developed countries have lower population growth rates than less developed countries. | True |
| T/F The carrying capacity of a given geographic region for a single population can change over time. | True |
| T/F The human population may continue to increase even though it surpasses carrying capacity. | True |
| Pre-fertilization | prevents fertilization from occuring |
| Post-fertilization | fertilization occurs but hybrid cant reroduce |
| interspecies | organism with parents from two different species |
| Steps of speciation | 1. isolation of gene pools of populations of the species 2. evolutionary changes in gene pools of populations 3. evolution of reproductive isolation between populations |
| When geographic isolation occurs, under what conditions might you expect the most rapid speciation? | When the climate is very different in the two locations |
| gradual evolution | slow accumulation of small changes over long period of time |
| punctuated equilibrium | sudden change followed by long periods of little change |
| gene flow | the spread of an allele throughout a species' gene pool |
| biological species concept | describes a group of individuals that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring, but cant with other species |
| genealogical species concept | the smallest group of reproductively compatible individuals descended from a single common ancestor |
| morphological species concept | describes a group of individuals with some reliable physical characteristics that distinguish them from all other species |
| founder effect | genetic differences resulting from a small sample |
| population bottleneck | genetic change resulting from a dramatic reduction of population numbers |
| What does genetic data suggest about human races? | there are no clear boundaries within the human gene pool |
| Where can you find the most genetically diverse populations of humans? | African populations |
| fitness | relative survival and reproduction of one variant compared to others in the same population |
| the relationship between malaria and the sickle cell anemia | the sickle cell allele reduces the likelihood of severe malaria, so natural selection has caused it to increase in frequency in susceptible populations |
| sexual selection | when a trait influences the likelihood of mating |
| genetic drift | change is allele frequency that occurs due to chance |
| In what period did all modern groups first appear in the oceans? | Paleozoic Cambrian |
| Animals | an organism that obtains energy and carbon by ingesting other organisms and is typically motile for at least part of their cycle |
| Fungi | kingdom of eukaryotes made up of members that are immobile, rely on other organisms as their food source, and are made up of hyphae that secrete digestive enzymes into the environment and that absorb the digested materials |
| Plants | multicellular photosynthetic eukaryotes, excluding algae |
| Bacteria | prokaryotes with peptidoglycan |
| Archaea | prokaryotes without peptidoglycan |
| Theory of endosymbiosis | mitochondria and chloroplasts descended from bacteria inside primitive eukaryotes |
| Prokaryotes | without a nucleus or organelles |
| Eukaryotes | organisms with genetic material within a nucleus in cells |
| The evolution of what trait allowed plants to grow taller? | vascular tissue |
| What are mycorrhizae fungi and how do they interact with plants? | mutualistic symbiosis with plant roots; found with 90% of all plants |
| adaptive radiation | rapid expansion of flowering plant species |
| convergent evolution | evolution of the same trait or set of traits in different populations as a result of shared environmental conditions rather than shared ancestry |
| how does convergent evolution result in misleading phylogenies? | the existence of convergent traits complicates the development of evolutionary classifications |
| Ecology | field of biology that focuses on the interactions between organisms and their environment |
| clumped | a spatial arrangement of individuals in a population where large numbers are concentrated in patches with intervening, sparsely populated areas separating them |
| uniform | occurs when individuals in a population are disbursed in a uniform manner across a habitat |
| random distributions | the dispersion of individuals in a population without pattern |
| populations | subgroup of a species that is somewhat independent from other groups |
| communities | a group of interacting species in the same geographic area |
| ecosystems | all the organisms and natural features in a given area |
| density-dependent | any of the factors related to a populations size that influence the current growth rate of a population (starvation) |
| density-independent | any of the factors unrelated to a populations size that influence the current growth rate of a population (natural disease) |
| carrying capacity | maximum population that the environment can support |
| What situation would result in a population represented by an inverted triangular population pyramid, which is heaviest at the top? | when birth rates drop and not many babies are being born |
| What situation would result in a population represented by an inverted triangular population pyramid, which is heaviest at the bottom? | a large population of young people |
| columnar shaped population distribution? | the number of "parents-in-waiting" is the same as the number of current parents |
Created by:
Hceveritt