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Test review
X-ray interaction with matter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A negative contrast agent is ______. | Air |
| Photodisintegration occurs when the incident photon interacts with: | The nucleus of the atom |
| The greater the angle of deflection of a Compton scatter photon: | The higher the energy of the photon |
| Pair production: | Never occurs during radiographic procedures. |
| Barium is a good contrast agent because of its _______. | High atomic number |
| If 5% of an incident beam is transmitted through a body part, than 95% of the beam was _______. | Attenuated. |
| Coherent scattering involves: | An X-ray photon with low energy |
| The effect of coherent scatter interactions on image quality: | Is minimal |
| To minimize occupational exposure, the technologist should: | Where protective apparel ( lead aprons, gloves, etc.) when in the room during imaging. |
| The use of contrast agents increase the amount of _______. | Differential absorption, Compton scatter, photoelectric absorption. |
| Which has the greatest mass density? | Bone |
| X-rays transmitted without interaction contributes to______. | The radiographic image |
| The fog seen on the radiographic image is the result of: | Compton Interaction |
| As a result of pair production, a(n) _________ and a(n) _________ are produced. | Electron; positron |
| Photoelectric interaction: | Contribute significantly to patient dose. |
| As kVp _______, the probability of photoelectric absorption _________. | Increases, Decreases. |
| The energy of the photoelectron is the least as a result of a photoelectric interaction in: | Bone |
| Differential absorption is dependent on (the) _______. | kVp of the exposure. Atomic number of the absorber. Mass density of the absorber. |
| A positron is: | A positively charged electron |
| Barium is used as a contrast agent to visualize soft tissue structures such as the stomach because it: | Has a high atomic number |
| Only at energies above 10 MeV can _______ take place. | Photodisintegration |
| Dense material, like bone, is considered: | Radiopaque |
| After a photoelectric interactions, the incident photon: | Loses all of its energy and no longer exists. |
| At energies below 40 keV, the predominant x-ray interaction in soft tissue and bone is ______. | Photoelectric Absorption |
| The energy of the photoelectron is equal to: | The energy of the incident photon minus the binding energy of the orbital electron |
| For photoelectric interactions to occur, the energy of the incident photon: | May be greater than the binding energy of an inner-shell electron. |
| Radiation interacting with air is more likely to be _______, resulting in that area of the image being darker. | Transmitted |
| Pair production requires an x-ray photon with an energy of at least: | 1.02 MeV |
| The two primary forms of x-ray interaction in the diagnostic range are ______. | Compton scattering and photoelectric absorption |
| Pair production occurs when the incident photon interacts with: | The nucleus of the atom |
| An incident x-ray interacts with an atom without ionization during ________. | Coherent scattering |
| Excessive absorption is the result of: | Using a kVp that is too low for the examination. |
| The major source of radiation exposure to technologists is due to: | Compton Interaction |
| Protective apparel is often made of lead because it: | Has a high atomic number |
| Photodisintegration interactions: | Never occur during radiographic procedures. |
| The x-ray photon produced during coherent scattering: | Is the same energy as the incident photon |
| After ejection from the atom's nucleus, when the positron interacts with an electon | An annihilation event occurs. The electron and positron are both destroyed. Two x-rays photons are produced. |
| The end product(s) of a photoelectric interaction is (are); | a photoelectron an ionized atom |
| To produce a radiographic image that represents anatomy, there must be: | Photoelectric interactions. Transmitted photons. Differential Absorption. |
| _____ occurs only at the very high energies used in radiation therapy and in nuclear medicine P.E.T. imaging. | Pair production |
| Which x-ray interaction involves the ejection of the K-shell electron? | Photoelectric absorption |
| Image fog is diagnostic imaging is caused by _____. | Compton scatter |
| Air is considered: | Radiolucent |
| The Compton scatter photon: | May exit the patient as part of the remnant radiation. Has enough energy to produce further interactions. |
| For photodisintegration to occur, the incident photon must have an energy level of at least: | 10 MeV |
| The primary source of radiation exposure to the radiographer who is in the room during an exposure is: | From scatter from the patient |
| Photoelectric interactions are more likely to occur in: | Bone |
| An outer-shell electron is ejected and the atom is ionized during ________. | Compton interactions |
| During a photoelectric interaction, | An inner-shell electron is ejected |
| Attenuation is caused by ________. | Absorption and scatter |
| T/F The probability of Compton scattering depends on the atomic number of the atom. | False |
| T/F The probability of compton scattering depends on the energy level of the incident x-ray photon | True |
| T/F The higher the atomic number of an atom, The greater the probability of a photo electric interaction. | True |
| T/F potential biological damage can occur as a result of a Compton interaction because of the ionization of atoms. | True |
| T/F All Compton scatter photons travel in the direction of the image receptor. | False |
| T/F The probability of a photoelectric interaction depends on the energy level of the incident X-ray photon | True |
| T/F The probability of a photoelectric interaction depends on the atomic number of the atom. | True |
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