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AP BIO Chapter 23

AP Biology - Chapter 23: Evolution of Populations

TermDefinition
Microevolution Evolutionary change below the species level
Genetic Variation Differences among individuals in the composition of their genes or other segments
Gene Pool Consists of all copies of every type of allele at every locus in all members of a population
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium The state of a population in which frequencies of alleles and genotype remain constant from generation to generation
Adaptive Evolution Evolution that results in a better match between organisms and their envir
Genetic Drift A process in which change events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next
Founder Effect Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and form a new population whose gene pool composition is not reflective of that of the original population
Bottleneck Effect Genetic drift that occurs when the size of a population is reduced
Relative Fitness The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to the contributions of others
Directional Selection Occurs when conditions favor individuals exhibiting one extreme of a phenotypic range
Stabilizing Selection Acts against both extreme phenotypes and favors intermediate variants
Disruptive Selection Occurs when conditions favor individuals at both extremes of a phenotypic range over individuals with intermediate phenotypes
Sexual Selection Natural selection for mating success
Heterozygote Advantage When individuals are heterozygous at a particular locus have greater fitness than do both kinds of homozygotes
Frequency-dependent selection The fitness of a phenotype depends on how common it is in the population
Population genetics The study of how populations change genetically over time
Population A localized group that are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring
Mutations Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
Duplication An abbreviation in a chromosome structure due to fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome
Gene flow Genetic additions to and/ or subtraction a from a population resulting from the movement of fertile individuals or gametes
Geographic variation Differences between the gene pools of desperate populations or population subgroups
Created by: Hajra Maqsoos
 

 



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