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Developmental midter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When teaching his psychology class, Professor Sharma emphasizes that developmental change occurs throughout adulthood as well as childhood. Professor Sharma is taking a(n) _____ approach to developmental change | lifespan |
| Life expectancy in the United States has increased by _____ years during the twentieth century | 30 |
| The idea that no age period dominates development highlights the life-span perspective that development is | lifelong |
| Dr. Wilman is researching the place women occupy in families in Japan and the U.S. Dr. Wilman is conducting a(n) _____ study | cross-culural |
| changes in motor skills, nutrition, exercise, the hormonal changes of puberty, and cardiovascular decline are all examples of _____ processes that affect development | biological |
| The _____ period is the time from conception to birth | prenatal |
| In the nature-nurture issue, nature refers to an organism’s _____; nurture to its _____ | biological inheritance , environmental experiences |
| ____ selection is the evolutionary process by which those individuals of a species that are best adapted to their environment are the ones that are most likely to survive and reproduce | natural selection |
| ___ psychology emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and “survival of the fittest” in shaping behavior | evolutionary |
| the units of hereditary information, are short segments of DNA. They direct cells to reproduce themselves and to assemble proteins | genes |
| The nucleus of each human cell contains _____, which are threadlike structures made up of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | chromosomes |
| ___ is a stage in reproduction whereby an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell | fertilization |
| During the process of _____, the cell’s nucleus—including the chromosomes—duplicates itself and the cell divides, resulting in the formation of two cell | mitosis |
| In human beings, by the end of meiosis, each egg or sperm has _____ chromosomes | 23 |
| Infants can see objects before they can control their torso, and they can use their hands long before they can crawl or walk. This would indicate that they have a _____ pattern of grow | cephalocaudal |
| The _____ pattern of growth is the sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities | promixomodistal |
| Jerome weighed in at 4.5 pounds when he was born. Compared to other newborns in North America, his weight is | less than average |
| At birth, the newborn’s brain is about _____ percent of its adult weight | 25 |
| The _____ includes the cerebral cortex and several structures beneath it | Forebrain |
| A(n) _____ is a layer of fat cells that encases and insulates many axons and helps electrical signals travel faster down the axon | myelin sheath |
| __ refers to the process of encasing axons with fat cells | myelination |
| At the end of the axon are terminal buttons, which release chemicals called _____ into synapses | neurotransmitters |
| Feelings or affects that occur when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to him or her, especially to his/her well-being, are known as | emotion |
| Emotions are influenced by both _____ foundations and by a person’s experiences | biological |
| Babies have three types of cries. What are they | basic,angry,pain |
| Nakita is 6 months old, and she has a tendency to cry when strangers come near her. She is displaying one of a baby’s earliest emotions, ____ | fear |
| ___ involves individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristic ways of responding | temperament |
| . According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, a(n) _____ child reacts negatively and cries frequently, engages in irregular daily routines, and is slow to accept challenges | difficult |
| Sakura isn’t a particularly active child, and he tends to be wary of new situations and people. Although he doesn’t cry, he dislikes dealing with novel situations. According to Thomas and Chess, he would be classified as a(n | slow to warm up |
| During early childhood, on average, girls are _____ than boys | slightly smaller |
| By the end of early childhood, girls have more _____ tissue than boys | more fatty tissue |
| Which of the following plays a key role in planning and organizing new actions and maintaining attention to tasks? | executive attention |
| Which of the following are nerve fibers that carry signals away from the cell bodies | axons |
| When 4- and 5-year-olds scramble over jungle gyms and race their friends, they are demonstrating their | gross motor skills |
| Gina, 6, has a BMI in the 95th percentile. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, she would be classified as | overweight |
| . According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial stage that characterizes early childhood | initative vs guilt |
| ___ emotions do not appear to develop until self-awareness appears around 18 months | self conscious emtions |
| _ development involves the development of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interactions with other people | moral development |
| According to Freud, the moral element of the personality is called the | sugerego |
| is responding to another person’s feelings with an emotion that echoes the other’s feelings | empathy |
| the psychoanalytic theory of gender stems from Freud’s view that the preschool child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent. Which of the following describes this condition in girls | electra complex |
| . Around the age of _____, children already show a preference to spend time with same-sex playmates | 3 |
| . Suzie, 3, Suzie also has strict schedules for playing, television, and studying, and any disobedience leads to spanking and punishments. Suzie’s father is most likely | Authoratarian |
| a restrictive, punitive style to control the behavior of his/her children is | Authoratarian |
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