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Astronomy
Test 2 (127-189)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 127. What is the best description of the Earth's rotation over its entire history? | It has slowed down very gradually at about .0015 seconds per century. |
| 128. From the center outward, the correct order is: | solid metallic inner core, molten metal outer core, silicate mantle and crust. |
| 129. Seismic waves are most useful for mapping: | the Earth's core and mantle. |
| 130. The Greenhouse Effect works by trapping | outgoing infrared radiation from the Earth. |
| 131. When two tectonic plates collide: | they continue moving, producing a variety of large deformations. |
| 132. The crust of the Earth is covered by about ________ water in the hydrosphere. | 70% |
| 133. Which of the following layers of the earth is unique among the terrestrial planets? | hydrosphere |
| 134. At what phase are the tides least noticeable? | third quarter |
| 135. Within Earth's atmosphere the ozone layer is located | in the stratosphere. |
| 136. We determine the structure of the Earth's core using | seismic wave data. |
| 137. What is true of spring tides? | The difference between low and high tides would be greatest. |
| 138. What is the process that physically transfers heat from a lower (hotter) to a higher (cooler) level? | convection |
| 139. Which statement about seismic waves is FALSE? | Only P waves can be detected in the shadow zone. |
| 140. What is the percentage of Earth's atmosphere (by volume) that is carbon dioxide (CO2)? | 0.03 |
| 141. The presence of a magnetic field is a good indication that: | we have a liquid metal outer core, spinning rapidly as we rotate. |
| 142. Within Earth's atmosphere, in which layer does convection occur? | the troposphere |
| 143. The Dynamo Theory holds that: | magnetic fields are generated by rapidly spinning, fluid magnetic interiors. |
| 144. Which of these is not a product of plate tectonics and hot spots? | the Grand Canyon's eroded depths |
| 145. What gas is the primary constituent of our atmosphere? | nitrogen |
| 146. When strong solar winds are displaced poleward by our magnetic fields, we get: | intense auroral displays. |
| 147. Which major atmospheric component is chiefly a product of life processes? | oxygen |
| 148. How is the existence of Earth's unique atmosphere explained? | the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere is a result of early life on Earth |
| 149. Which are places on Earth where convection is operating on a grand scale, creating conditions important to life on Earth? | in the troposphere, such as a summer thunderstorm; at the thermal vents in the rift valleys; in the mantle; in hot springs like Old Faithful; All of the above are good examples. |
| 150. Above about 100 km, the high-energy portion of the Sun's radiation spectrum breaks down molecules into atoms. What is this part of Earth's atmosphere called? | the ionosphere |
| 151. Compared to the density of water, our Earth averages: | about 5 times denser, like the Mercury and Venus. |
| 152. Clouds form primarily at the boundary between | the troposphere and the stratosphere. |
| 153. The critical part of the atmosphere for protecting life on the ground from excessive ultraviolet radiation is the: | ozone layer. |
| 154. When strong solar winds are displaced poleward by our magnetic fields, we get: | intense auroral displays. |
| 155. In noting that our world is "differentiated," we mean that: | the iron and nickel core is denser than the silicate mantle and crust. |
| 156. The critical part of the atmosphere for protecting life on the ground from excessive ultraviolet radiation is the: | ozone layer. |
| 157. The Dynamo Theory holds that: | magnetic fields are generated by rapidly spinning, fluid magnetic interiors. |
| 158. Within Earth's atmosphere, in which layer does convection occur? | the troposphere |
| 159. Which statement about seismic waves is true? | P waves travel faster, and thus arrive sooner than do the S waves. |
| 160. The Greenhouse Effect works by trapping | outgoing infrared radiation from the Earth. |
| 161. From the center outward, the correct order is: | solid metallic inner core, molten metal outer core, silicate mantle and crust. |
| 162. Almost all of our atmospheric gases lie in the: | troposphere. |
| 163. The presence of a magnetic field is a good indication that: | we have a liquid metal outer core, spinning rapidly as we rotate. |
| 164. What is the process that physically transfers heat from a lower (hotter) to a higher (cooler) level? | convection |
| 165. Without the greenhouse effect operating in our atmosphere | Earth would have an average temperature of -23 degrees Celsius. |
| 166. Earth's magnetic field: | prevents charged particles in the solar wind from reaching the surface. |
| 167. Within Earth's atmosphere the ozone layer is located | in the stratosphere. |
| 168. Like other solid bodies in the solar system, Earth's surface was kept molten by | bombardment by small bodies. |
| 169. Which parts of the Sun's radiation are responsible for heating Earth's surface? | the visible and the infrared |
| 170. The region around Earth where the magnetic field traps charged particles is the: | Van Allen Radiation Belts. |
| 171. In what part of our atmosphere do we live? | troposphere |
| 172. Which are places on Earth where convection is operating on a grand scale, creating conditions important to life on Earth? | in the troposphere, such as a summer thunderstorm; at the thermal vents in the rift valleys; in the mantle; in hot springs like Old Faithful; All of the above are good examples. |
| 173. The oldest rocks on our crust are radioactively dated at about: | four billion years old. |
| 174. What event triggered the dramatic increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration seen over the last couple of centuries? | The Industrial Revolution |
| 175. At what phase are the tides least noticeable? | third quarter |
| 176. Clouds form primarily at the boundary between | the troposphere and the stratosphere. |
| 177. What is the best description of the Earth's rotation over its entire history? | It has slowed down very gradually at about .0015 seconds per century. |
| 178. Which major atmospheric component is chiefly a product of life processes? | oxygen |
| 179. Compared to the density of water, our Earth averages: | about 5 times denser, like the Mercury and Venus. |
| 180. We determine the structure of the Earth's core using | seismic wave data. |
| 181. In what scenario is the blue component of incoming sunlight is scattered much more than any other color component? | when the sun is high in the sky |
| 182. Which body has the greatest gravitational pull on Earth? | the Sun |
| 183. What can we conclude about the structure of Earth's interior knowing that the average density of Earth is higher than the average density of the rock on the continents and seafloor? | that Earth's most dense material must be beneath the surface |
| 184. A region where a denser basaltic plate is subducted under a continental one is: | the Nazca Trench. |
| 185. At what phase would tidal variation be the least during the entire day? | first quarter |
| 186. The principal greenhouse gases in our present atmosphere are: | water vapor and carbon dioxide. |
| 187. When two tectonic plates collide: | they continue moving, producing a variety of large deformations. |
| 188. What is the percentage of Earth's atmosphere (by volume) that is carbon dioxide (CO2)? | 0.03 |
| 189. When water vapor condenses out at the cool tops of convection cells, what happens? | clouds form |
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graync