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Astronomy
Test 2 (1-63)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. What factor caused different planets to form out of different types of material? | The variation in temperature throughout the solar nebula; the higher the temperature, the lower the percentage of light elements in the forming planet. |
| 2. The planet's orbital period is: | the time it takes to return to the same location in the sky, relative to the Sun. |
| 3. The Kuiper Belt is: | a band of icy planetestimals found beyond Neptune's orbit. |
| 4. As a result of the ejection of planetesimals into the Oort Cloud, simulations indicate that Uranus and Neptune moved: | further from the Sun |
| 5. The difference between a meteoroid and an asteroid is the objects: | size |
| 6. Planetary orbits: | are almost circular, with low eccentricities. |
| 7. Masses of the planets are easiest to determine if: | they have natural satellites whose motions can be precisely measured |
| 8. What happens when a solar nebula contracts? | It heats up, spins faster, flattens out. (All of the above) |
| 9. What is true about solar system densities? | the denser planets lie closer to the Sun. |
| 10. In light modern solar system theory, why do the orbits of the planets all lie in the same plane? | The early solar nebula flattened into a disk |
| 11. Mercury's most unusual orbital feature, as compared to the other planets is: | the shape of its orbit. |
| 12. The meteorites that strike Earth are: | the oldest rocks known |
| 13. Which of the following have an icy composition? | comets |
| 14. What aspects of the planets orbits are nearly the same for most planets? | shape and tilt from the ecliptic |
| 15. What is the goal of comparative planetology? | to determine the origin and evolution of the solar system |
| 16. The smallest sort of interplanetary matter is called: | interplanetary dust |
| 17. In composition, asteroids and meteoroids are most like: | terrestrial planets |
| 18. As the solar nebula contracts it: | spins faster due to conservation of angular momentum |
| 19. The largest asteroid, and probably the only one to be a spherical "world", is: | Ceres |
| 20. A meteorite is: | a chunk of space debris that has struck the ground. |
| 21. The Jovian planets: | All have rings around their equators |
| 22. An alternative to the core-accretion theory that explains the formation of the Jovian planets is the: | Gravitational instability theory |
| 23. The Kuiper belt is found where in the solar system? | Beyond the orbit of Neptune |
| 24. Which of the following is considered "interplanetary matter"? | Comet hale-bopp |
| 25. In order to determine the mass of a planet by applying Newtons law of motion of gravity, the planet must have: | Moons |
| 26. A gravitational "sling shot" | Changes the speed and direction of a spacecraft nearing a massive planet |
| 27. Which planet itself contains the majority of mass of all the planets? | Jupiter |
| 28. What was the primary role of dust in the formation of the solar system? | Dust acted as as condensation nuclei; platforms to which other particles could attach and form larger particles of matter |
| 29. What factor caused different planets to form out of different types of material? | The variation of temperature throughout the solar nebula |
| 30. The jovian planets: | All have rings around their equators |
| 31. Most asteroids are found: | between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter |
| 32. The Kuiper Belt is an "outer asteroid belt" consisting of what types of solar system bodies? | icy cometlike bodies |
| 33. Conservation of angular momentum means that a spinning body tends to | keep spinning. |
| 34. Dust is an important part of the nebular theory of solar system formation because dust is needed to explain: | how the inner planets came to be rocky bodies. |
| 35. Which spacecraft gave or is giving us our best information about Mercury? | Mariner 10 |
| 36. As the solar nebula contracts due to gravitation, the cloud | spins faster |
| 37. What is true about solar system densities? | The denser planets lie closer to the Sun. |
| 38. The most detailed look we've had of an asteroid comes from: | spacecraft sent to an asteroid. |
| 39. Which of these spacecraft went into orbit about Saturn in July 2004? | Cassini |
| 40. One possible way that future scientists may determine whether the core- accretion model or the gravitational instability theory better explains the formation of the jovian planets is: | measuring the mass of the rocky material in the jovian planets' cores |
| 41. The average density of each planet in the solar system is determined by taking its mass and dividing that by its | volume |
| 42. In the conventional scenario, during phase of planet formation caused the jovian planets to form? | Core-accretion |
| 43. The moons of the jovian planets formed by which two processes? | Accretion and capture |
| 44. What is the role of irregularities in the solar system in terms of theories of its origin? | They introduce a need for flexibility in theories of the solar system's origin |
| 45. The Kuiper Belt is: | a band of icy planetesimals found beyond Neptune's orbit |
| 46. The Kuiper Belt is found where in the solar system? | Beyond the orbit of Neptune |
| 47. As a rotating gas cloud contracts, it spins | faster due to conservation of angular momentum |
| 48. How do the densities of the Jovian and terrestrial planets compare? | All Terrestrials are more dense than all the Jovians. |
| 49. Which statement about the motion of the planets is incorrect? | Most planets move in the Earth's equatorial plane. |
| 50. Which of these bodies has the lowest density? | Saturn |
| 51. The plane in which almost all planets orbit the sun is called the: | ecliptic. |
| 52. Which of the characteristics below describes the terrestrial planets? | possessing weak magnetic fields |
| 53. The rotation periods of Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are difficult to determine because | their surface features are obscured by their atmospheres. |
| 54. In composition and mass and density, Jupiter is most like: | the Sun. |
| 55. What is the process of accretion? | growth of an object by the accumulation of matter |
| 56. Which of the following are the Jovian planets? | Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune only |
| 57. The Oort Cloud is believed to have been formed by: | planetesimals that were flung far from the Sun in gravitational encounters with the jovian planets. |
| 58. Which objects in the solar system have been least modified since the formation of the solar system? | Kuiper Belt objects |
| 59. The planet's orbital period is: | the time it takes to return to the same location in the sky, relative to the Sun. |
| 60. Which characteristic listed below describes the jovian planets? | low density |
| 61. A successful theory of the formation of the solar system must explain: | all observed properties of the solar system. |
| 62. The "Grand Tour" of all four jovians was conducted by: | Voyager 2. |
| 63. In composition and density, the asteroids most resemble: | pieces of terrestrial planets. |
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graync