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Peripheral Vascular
Peripheral Vascular Surgery
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ballooning of an artery as a result of weakening of the arterial wall, It may be caused by atherosclerosis, infections, or a hereditary defect in the vascular system | Aneurysm |
| Dilation of an artery using endovascular techniques (arterial catheter) ; may include insertion of a supportive stent inside the artery to maintain blood test | Angioplasty |
| A disease characterized by thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the arterial wall. | Arteriosclerosis |
| An incision made in an artery, usually to perform an anastomosis with a graft or another artery or to remove plaque or a thrombus. | Arteriotomy |
| The most common form of arteriosclerosis, which causes plaque to form on the inner surface of an artery. | Atherosclerosis |
| The Y-shape of an artery or graft. | Bifurcation |
| A type of ultrasonography that amplifies sounds that pass through tissue and produces a visual image of blood flow. | Doppler duplex ultrasonography |
| A moving substance in the vascular system. An embolus may consist of air, a blood clot, atherosclerotic plaque, or fat. | Embolus |
| The surgical removal of plaque from inside an artery. | Endarterectomy |
| A process in which blood is shunted out of the body and passed through a complex set of filters for the treatment of end-stage renal disease ( and in some cases, poisoning); also called renal replacement therapy | Hemodialysis |
| A term referring to the pressure, flow and resistance in the cardiovascular system. | Hemodynamic |
| A blockage in an artery that may lead to ischemia and tissue death. | Infarction |
| A term meaning "in the natural position or normal place, without disturbing or invading surrounding tissues". | In situ |
| A diagnostic tool in which a transducer is introduced into an artery and ultrasound is used to translate the physical characteristics of the lumen into a visible image. | Intravascular ultrasound |
| The decrease in or absence of blood supply to a localized area, usually related to vascular obstruction. | Ischemia |
| The inside of a hollow structure, such as a blood vessel. | Lumen |
| A term that literally means "through the skin." In this type of approach in surgery, an incision is not made; rater, a catheter or other device is introduced through a puncture site. | Percutaneous |
| A tubular device placed inside an artery for dilation, support, and prevention of stricture. | Stent |
| Any organic or nonorganic material blocking an artery; generally refers to a blood clot or atherosclerotic plaque but also includes fat or air | Thrombus |
| Lengths of cotton mesh tape used to loop around a blood vessel for retraction. See vessel loop | Umbilical tapes |
| Pooling of blood in the veins caused by inactivity or disease. This condition can cause distention of the veins | Venous stasis |
| A device used to retract a vessel during surgery. A length of thin Silastic tubing or cotton tape (umbilical tape) is passed around the vessel. The ends can be threaded through a bolster to secure the loop against the blood vessel. | Vessel loops |
| Outer layer of the blood vessel, composed of connective tissue protects the vessel | Tunica externa |
| Middle layer of the blood vessel, composed of smooth muscle bound by connective tissue. Muscle is controlled by Autonomic nerv. Sys. | Tunica media |
| Inner layer of the blood vessel, composed of Elastic fibers, basement membrane, endothelium and venous value. | Tunica intima |
| Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body | Arteries |
| Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs | Pulmonary arteries |
| Microscopic vessels that function as the transition and exchange mechanism for oxygen and other substances between the vessel walls and the tissue cells | capillaries |
| Control the flow of oxygenated blood into the capillary | Precapillary sphincters |
| What two organs have a rich supply of capillary networks | Liver and spleen |
| What carries blood back to the heart from the peripheral tissues | Venous system |
| Malfunction of the veins' one-way valves results in pooling | Venous stasis |
| Pooling or venous stasis causes the veins to dilate abnormally | Varicosity |
| The circulatory system is divided into two pathways. | Pulmonary system |
| What system carries blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation (hemoglobin in the red blood cells pick up oxygen molecules). | Pulmonary system |
| What system returns oxygenated blood to the heart, which reaches all tissues of the body | systemic system |
| Abnormally high blood pressure | Hypertension |
| Negative alteration in blood pressure | Hypotension |
| The complex hormonal regulation of arterial pressure | Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system |
| The largest artery of the body. | Aorta |
| What is the aorta's pathway starting from arch at the left ventricle to the iliac arteries | Emerges heart arch at the left ventricle-> curves downward thru thoracic cavity -> passing behind heart but in front of spinal column -> enters abdomen, passes thru diaphragm behind retroperitoneum space -> stops pelvic bifurcation (Y-split) forms iliac a |
| What are the 3 major arteries that arise from the top of the aortic arch? | brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery |
| Beyond the 3 major arteries from the top of the arch; The aorta arch curves downward into ______ ______ aorta. | thoracic descending |
| The thoracic descending aorta passes thru diaphragm, leaves thoracic cavity, enters abdominal cavity. What level of aorta is this called? | Abdominal aorta |
| The brachiocephalic artery gives rise to what artery? | Right common artery |
| What artery branches off of the right common artery? | external carotid artery |
| What areas of the body does the left common carotid artery supplies blood too? | left side of the neck and head |
| What areas of the body does the subclavian artery supplies blood too? | left shoulder and right arm |
| A closed system of blood vessels that transports blood away from the heart to the body's tissues and back to the heart refers to the ____. | peripheral vascular system |
| Which of the following accurately describes the layers of an artery from inner to outer layers? | tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia |
| Describe the characteristics of a vein? | Veins have specialized structures called valves. |
| Which structure supplies the myocardium with oxygenated blood? | coronary arteries |
| The aorta bifurcates at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra into the right and left ____ arteries. | common iliac |
| Which is the longest vein in the body? | greater saphenous |
| The anterior and posterior tibial veins unite to form the ____ vein. | popliteal |
| The formation of emboli always causes immediate death. (T or F) | False |
| For an aortofemoral bypass, the arterial incision is made with a #10 blade on a long #3 handle. (T or F) | False |
| The typical suture gauge for a femoral vascular anastomosis is ____. | 4-0 |
| Name the the correct sequence of events for clamping the vessels prior to an arteriotomy? | heparinize patient, apply proximal clamp, apply distal clamp, incise vessel |
| With which instrument is an arteriotomy initiated? | #11 blade on a #7 handle |
| The surgical excision of a dilated portion of the aortic wall with immediate reconstruction using a synthetic graft is known as an ____. | 6-0 |
| Which statement is correct regarding the suture for peripheral vascular surgery? | Before tying polypropylene sutures, the surgeon's hands should be wet. |
| A Doppler probe is used to dilate vessels. (T or F) | False |
| The suprarenal arteries supply blood to which organs? | adrenal glands and Renal Kidneys |
| A Fogarty balloon catheter is used for a(n) ____. | arterial embolectomy |
| An iliac artery obstruction can be bypassed with a(n) ____. | femoral-femoral bypass |
| The gastric or esophageal artery supplies blood to which viscera? | esophagus |
| Diagnostic study is considered the gold standard for evaluation of vascular disease? | angiography |
| What are the serrations of DeBakey and Cooley vascular instruments considered to be? | atraumatic |
| Where is the balloon dilator inserted percutaneously in coronary artery angioplasty? | femoral artery |
| What is the name of the frequently used balloon embolectomy catheter? | Fogarty |
| Transient cerebral ischemic episodes are treated surgically by: | carotid endarterectomy |
| Javid and Argyle are examples of which type of device used in select vascular procedures? | shunts |
| The CORRECT sequence of steps for an arteriotomy for embolectomy or thrombectomy is: | #11 blade, Potts-Smith scissors, small bore suction, insertion of Fogarty catheter |
| Which of the following would be the suture technique and type used to anastomose a bifurcated graft limb to an artery? | running 5-0 or 6-0 nonabsorbable suture |
| What is the configuration of the saphenous vein when stripped from the leg? | vein avulsed and turned completely inside out |
| Balloon angioplasty performed in the cardiac catheterization lab is used to treat: | atherosclerotic thickening |
| What are vessel loops and umbilical tapes commonly used for in vascular cases? | retraction |
| Which of the following are used on tips of hemostats to prevent breaking of fine gauge monofilament suture when tagged? | suture boots |
| Which of the following is the BEST choice for distal bypass graft in the lower extremity? | saphenous vein |
| A #11 blade and forward angle or reverse angle Potts-Smith scissors are frequently used for: | arteriotomy |
| What is the specimen in an AAA procedure? | thrombus |
| What is done with the aneurysm sac in AAA repair? | anterior wall sutured over the proximal graft |
| Delicate polypropylene sutures can be tagged with a ____. | rubber shod |
| Which statement regarding drugs handled by the surgical technologist is correct? | Heparin in sodium chloride irrigation can be used for intra-arterial irrigation. |
| Which procedure could necessitate the use of a Javid shunt? | carotid endarterectomy |
| The surgical excision of a dilated portion of the aortic wall with immediate reconstruction using a synthetic graft is known as an ____. | abdominal aortic aneurysm resection |
Created by:
etsmom