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Unit 1 Genetics
Key Vocabulary Words
Term | Definition |
---|---|
DNA | The genetic makeup of all organisms (blueprint) |
Gene | A section of DNA on a chromosome, that controls traits and how living things grow and change |
Chromosomes | Structures inside of the nucleus that contain genetic material. |
Trait | A characteristic, such as eye color that is controlled by genes |
Dominant | Describes a trait that covers up another trait. (stronger) |
Recessive | Describes a trait that is covered or hidden by another. (weaker) |
Offspring | Life created from reproduction |
Mutation | A mistake or change in DNA that can not be fixed. |
Asexual Reproduction | Reproduction that involves 1 parent and creates identical offspring. |
Clone | An organism that is genetically identical to the individual from which it was derived. |
egg and sperm | female and male sex cells. |
fertilization | joining of the egg and sperm. |
genetic engineering | when humans change the DNA of an organism. |
genetics | the study of how traits are inherited. |
hybrid | Having 2 DIFFERENT genes for a trait. |
inheritance | the genetic traits passed on from parents to offspring. |
pedigree chart | a chart used to track a specific trait through several generations. |
Punnett Square | a tool used to predict the probability of certain traits in an offspring. |
pure | having an IDENTICAL (same) pair of genes for a given trait. |
selective breeding | mating 2 organisms with the goal of creating desirable (wanted) traits. |
sexual reproduction | reproduction in which 2 sex cells form a zygote. Creates genetically different offspring. |
zygote | a fertilized egg. |