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Chemistry Test 2
Chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atomic Theory | the theory that all matter is made up of tiny indivisible particles (atoms). |
| Law of Definite Proportions | a given chemical compound always contains its component elements in fixed ratio (by mass) and does not depend on its source and method of preparation. |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | mass is neither created nor destroyed. |
| Law of Multiple Proportions | when two elements combine to form more than one compound, the mass of one element, which combines with a fixed mass of the other element, will always be ratios of whole numbers. |
| Atomic Mass | It is approximately equivalent to the number of protons and neutrons in the atom (the mass number) or to the average number allowing for the relative abundances of different isotopes. |
| Mole | the SI unit for the amount of a substance and its symbol is mol. |
| Avagadro's Constant | 6.02214086 × 1023 |
| Anode | the positively charged electrode by which the electrons leave a device. |
| Cathode | the negatively charged electrode by which electrons enter an electrical device. |
| Cathode Ray Tube | |
| Electrons | a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids. |
| Nucleus | the positively charged central core of an atom, consisting of protons and neutrons and containing nearly all its mass. |
| Alpha Particles | a helium nucleus emitted by some radioactive substances, originally regarded as a ray. |
| Proton | a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron, but of opposite sign. |
| Neutron | a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present in all atomic nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen. |
| Atomic Number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table. |
| Mass Number | the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus. |
| Coulomb's Law | |
| Isotope | Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron number. All isotopes of a given element have the same number of protons in each atom. |
| Radioisotope | a radioactive isotope. |
| Electromagnetic Spectrum | the range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation extends. |
| Wavelength | the distance between successive crests of a wave, especially points in a sound wave or electromagnetic wave. |
| Frequency | the rate at which a vibration occurs that constitutes a wave, |
| Crest | A crest is a point on the wave where the displacement of the medium is at a maximum. |
| Trough | the lowest point in a wavelength |
| Waveheight | |
| Line Emission Spectrum | The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to an atom or molecule making a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state. |
| Ground State | the lowest energy state of an atom or other particle. |
| Excited State | any quantum state of the system that has a higher energy than the ground state |
| Quantum Number | |
| Orbital | |
| Pauli-Exclusion Principal | |
| Aufbau Principal | |
| Electron Configuration | |
| Hund's Rule |
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