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Exploring Matter
SNC1P Ms. McLaughlin
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Physical Property | Description of matter using your 5 senses. Also includes state of the matter (solid, liquid, and gas) |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| Conductivity | Ability of electrical current or heat to move through matter. |
| Density | How compact a substance is, calculation of mass divided by volume. |
| Lustre | Description of how well the surface of a substance reflects light. âShineâ |
| Solubility | how much of a substance dissolves in another substance. |
| Ductility | Ability of any solid that can be stretched into a long wire. |
| Malleability | Ability of a substance to be pounded or rolled into sheets. |
| Texture | How the surface feels (roughness, smoothness, softness . . .) |
| Chemical Properties | Describes how a substance can CHANGE to produce NEW substances with NEW properties whe they interact with other substances |
| Combustibility | The ability of a substance to catch fire and burn in air |
| Reactivity with Oxygen | The change that can occur when a substance is exposed to oxygen. |
| Reactivity with Acid | The change that can occur when a substance is exposed to acids |
| Precipitate | When substances are mixed together and form a solid. Solid = precipitate |
| Decomposition Reaction | The change that can occur when a substance breaks down into parts that make it up. |
| Pure Substance | Matter containing only ONE type of particle that cannot be separated physically. There are two types Elements and Compounds. |
| Element | A pure substance made up of ONLY one type of particle. |
| Compound | A pure substance that is made up of two or more elements that are combined chemically and can be broken down into elements by chemical reactions. |
| Metals | Are a type of element that are commonly solids at room temperature (except mercury which is a liquid). Are shiny (have a lustre), malleable, ductile, and good conductors. |
| Non-metals | Are elements that can be solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature. Tend to be dull (no lustre), brittle, not ductile, and poor conductors. |
| Heterogeneous | A type of mixture where the different parts can be seen |
| Homogeneous | A type of mixture that looks the same throughout. |
| Mixture | Matter that is made up of a combination of pure substances. The substances are not combined together and could be separated physically. |
| Mechanical Mixture | A type of mixture that have parts big enough to see, and they stay mixed. For example salad, cookie dough |
| Suspensions | A type of mixture that is a cloudy mixture where the tiny particles of one substance are held within another substance. If left along the substance will separate due to gravity. For example muddy water, salad dressing |
| Solutions | A type of mixture that have a combination of substances Thayer are not individually visible. One substance is dissolved in the other. For example sugar dissolved in coffee, |
| Atom | Smallest unit of an element that displays the properties of that element. |
| Nucleus | The centre of an atom that holds protons and neutrons. |
| Electron | Surrounds the nucleus in one or more energy level shells. A negatively charged particle. |
| Proton | Located in the nucleus of the atoms. Has a positive charge. |
| Neutron | Located in the nucleus of the atoms. Has NO charge (its neutral). Can be calculated using # Neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number. |
| Atomic Number | The total number of protons in the atoms. It also represents the number of electrons in an atom. |
| Element Symbol | Abbreviation for the element. Always starts with a capital letter. Also called Chemical symbols. |
| Atomic Mass | The mass of the atoms. |
| Bohr Model | Visual representation of the atom. Contains the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and shows the electrons in shells surrounding the nucleus. |
| Valence Electrons | Electrons found in the outermost (last) shell of any element. |
| Mass number | The total number of protons and neutrons in the atom. Found by rounding the atomic mass to the nearest whole number. |
| Periodic table | A Chart in which elements are organized horizontally by atomic number and vertically be similar properties. |
| Periods | Horizontal rows on the periodic table. Represents the number of energy levels that contain electrons. There are 7 on the periodic table. |
| Group | Also called family. Vertical columns on the periodic table. There are 18 on the periodic table. |
| Molecule | A type of particle made up of two or more elements bonded together. Also called a compound. |
| Chemical Formula | Uses both the chemical symbols representing which elements make up the molecule and numbers indicating how many of each elements make up the molecule. |
Created by:
christina.mclaughlin
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