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WWI Test
World War One Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Battleship Maine Explodes in Havana Harbor What immediate effect did this have? | It immediately raised tensions between Spain and the U.S.. It made the war between the two almost inevitable due to the U.S. citizens hate for Spain. |
| Why was the Teller Amendment issued? | It was issued to show that the U.S. had no intentions of establishing permanent control in Cuba. |
| How and why did the Battle of the Marne affect the Schlieffen Plan? | The Battle of the Marne led to a stalemate and started the trench warfare style of battle that would be used for the remainder of the war. |
| What was the Schlieffen Plan? | This was Germany's plan to attack Russia and France in the beginning of World War I. |
| What was significant for the French at Verdun? | This was the longest single battle of World War I and it had a lot of casualties. The battle lasted for months and was at a stalemate for much of the time. |
| Was the Allied offensive at the Somme effective? Explain. | It was effective as it weakened the German Army and forced them to retreat. It also encouraged an Allied offensive. |
| What effect did American soldiers have on the war? | They raised the morale of the troops around them as they were fresh and ready to fight, unlike the tired soldiers around them. |
| Why did Russia leave the war? | The Communist leader Vladimir Lenin wanted to focus on creating a communist nation in Russia and decided to pull them out of the war. |
| Vittorio Orlando in the Treaty of Versailles | Wanted land along Adriatic Sea. Threatened to leave conference if they did not get what they wanted. |
| David Lloyd George in the Treaty of Versailles | Wanted to punish Germany severely. Wanted them to pay billions in war reparations. Wanted to try German officials for war crimes. |
| Georges Clemenceau in the Treaty of Versailles | Wanted to punish Germany and strip her of all military. |
| Woodrow Wilson in the Treaty of Versailles | Americans believed diplomacy was necessary to avoid further wars. |
| Wilson's 14 Points Differences | No secret treaties, self-determination for colonies, removing barriers to trade, nothing about punishing Germany |
| Treaty of Versailles Differences | Germany must accept guilt for the war, Germany noises it's colonies,Germany must pay reparations, as international court must be created. |
| Similarities between Wilson's Points and the Treaty of Versailles | Freedom of sea/no blockades, a League of Nations will be created, Creation of Poland, reducing armaments, Independence for Turkey and other nations. |
| Treaty of Versailles | The peace treaty that came as a result of the end of the First World War |
| Mandate System | an attempt to stop the cycle of war and fighting over conquered land by appropriating the land of the collapsed Ottoman Empire and the colonies of Germany |
| League of Nations | an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes |
| Big Four at Versailles: | 1. Woodrow Wilson - U.S.A. 2. David Lloyd George - Britain 3. Vittorio Emanuele Orlando - Italy 4. George Clemenceau |
| The War Guilt Clause | Germany accepts the responsibility of the war |
| What role did the American Red Cross play in the success of WWI? | The gave medical help to soldiers, transported the wounded and assisted in helping find missing people. |
| What was the Committee of Public Information? | It was a committee created to spread awareness about the war in the U.S. |
| What is a “dissenter”? | They were people who opposed the war and openly spoke out against it. |
| Who were some of the war dissenters in the US? Why do you think they dissented? | Socialists were a large majority of the dissenters since they did not believe in war. Also many German and Austria-Hungarian immigrants did not like the war as they had to support their homeland being destroyed. |
| What were Victory Gardens? | They were small gardens grown by Americans to produce food for themselves |
| What was the War Industries Board? | It was a board set up to coordinate production of munitions and supplies for the war. |
| What are Liberty Bonds? | They were bonds that the United States sold during World War One. A bond is something that a citizen can buy from the government where the government will pay the citizen back later with more money than they bought the bond for. |
| German culture and language was ___ ___ of American society in many ways after the U.S. entered WWI | cut out |
| Examples of how German Culture was cut out of the U.S. | Sauerkraut renamed to “liberty cabbage”; German was dropped from school curriculum; American orchestras refused to play the music of German composers (Bach and Beethoven); A German man was lynched; You were supposed to only talk in English |
| Espionage and Sedition Acts | person fined $10k/20 years for anti-war activities; violated 1st Amendment; Gov. said it was allowed because free speech can be restricted during clear danger; most harsh against socialists; Eugene Debs, 10 years in prison; repealed on Wilson’s last day |
| The Great Migration | This was a time when many African Americans moved out of the South and into other parts of the country; majority of blacks lived in the South |
| Why did blacks move to the North | Better education; Work; Escape Racism |
| Harlem Renaissance | started in New York |
| Central Powers | It was an alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Italy during the first world war. |
| Triple Entente | It was a pre-world war one alliance that carried into the war by Great Britain, France and Russia. |
| Lusitania | It was a british ocean liner that was sunk by a German submarine in 1915. |
| Zimmerman Telegram | It was telegram sent by Germany to Mexico that proposed for Germany and Mexico to create an alliance if the U.S. joined the war against Germany. |
| Treaty of Versailles | It was a treaty between Germany and the Allied Powers of the first world war. It led to the Germans having to pay lots of reparations. |
| 14 Points | It was the goals and plan set out by Woodrow Wilson to end the war and how to achieve peace and the goals set out for the U.S. |
| League of Nations | It was a post-world war one international organization created to guarantee international peace and cooperation. |
| WWI Causes Notes | MAIN |
| Militarism | New military technologies; Arms race between countries; Glorification of war; First war with use of weapons of mass destruction |
| Alliances | Friendship between two countries; Triple Entente (Russia, France, Britain); Triple Alliance (Italy, Austria-Hungary, Germany); Neutral (Spain, Portugal, The Balkans) |
| Imperialism | Competition for colonies; Many smaller wars over territory |
| Nationalism | French-German border conflicts; Ethnic nationalism in the Balkans |
| Immediate Cause | The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to Austria-Hungary’s throne; Austria declares war on Serbia; Allies all jump in |
| The Zimmerman Telegram | January of 1917; Telegram sent by Germany to Mexico to ask them to WWI if America decides to join the war on the Triple Entente side; Offered them U.S. territory after the war; Intercepted and decoded by British |
| U.S. declares war | Early April of 1917; Causes: Unrestricted submarine warfare, Zimmerman Telegram, Belgian Atrocity, Fighting for Democracy, Financial ties to Britain, Successful propaganda, War profiteers |
| Raising Armies | US was unprepared for war, By April 1917, army only had 140,000 soldiers, Soon had 4,000,000 |
| Selective Service Act (The Draft) | Required all males 21-30 to register (Then changed to 18-45); 4.8 million drafted; 2 million went to France; Typical American Doughboy (Early 20’s, singly, US born, 8th grade education (30% could not read/write)) |
| T/F Immigrants to the US could gain citizenship by enlisting in the army during WWI | True; Non-citizens were required to register, but were not drafted. They could volunteer |
| 1917 Congress passes War Revenue Act | Taxes only paid for 1/3 of war cost; Increased the personal and corporate income taxes; Taxes increased up to 77% on the richest Americans |
| Liberty Bonds | Bond –a loan from the people to the government; 4 Liberty Loan Drives; Buy a $50 bond for 25 and receive back the $50 and 4 ½% after (“callable”) |
| War Industries Board (WIB) | Increased industrial production 20%; Set production quotas; Allocated raw materials; Converted factories to war needs; Settled labor-management disputes |
| Fuel conservation | Regulated production, price and delivery of coal and oil; Daylight Savings established; Gasless Sundays |
| Food Administration | Increase crop production conserve food supplies; Herbert Hoover; “Food can win the war”; Victory Gardens |
| Labor on the Home-Front | Wages higher; Unemployment virtually disappeared; Cost of living up; Harsher working conditions due to demands on production; 60% increase in Labor Unions |
| Women in WWI | took factory jobs men used to hold before war; 30,000 in services; Usually office work; Women’s role in WWI changed view of women’s place in society; Nursing was the only role for women that was directly in the war; Led to women getting the right to vote |
| Espionage Act of 1917 | Espionage Act; 1917; Illegal to speak out against the gov.; Interfere with the US military’s to defeat Germany |
| Sedition Act of 1918 | Illegal to utter, print, write or publish any disloyal, profane, scurrilous or abusive language about the government and its role in the war |
| Why were Germans and Austria-Hungary known as Central Powers? | They were located in the middle of all the powerful European nations |
| Why did the United States not join the League of Nations? | U.S. citizens did not want to be involved with European affairs after the war |
| What was the nickname for the Balkan Peninsula? | Powder Keg |
| Schlieffen Plan | Attack plan by Germans, proposed by Schliffen, lightning quick attack against France. Proposed to go through Belgium then attack France, Belgium resisted, other countries took up their aid, long fight, used trench warfare. |
| What was significant in the Allied victory at the First Battle of the Marne? | It was the first major allied victory in the war; stopped Germany's plan to quickly defeat France |
| What were the goals of the Allies’ Gallipoli campaign? | the goal was to control the sea routes from Europe to Russia |
| What action brought WWI to an end? | the signing of the armistice on November 11th, 1918 |
| What was the impact of the influenza epidemic of 1918? | it killed more people than WWI |
| What countries were created following WWI? | Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Estonia, Finland, Czechoslovakia, Latvia |
Created by:
Crayford