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Radiation Protection
Ch. 6 Cell Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemical building material for all living things | Photoplasm |
| Made up of a molecule of glycerin and three molecules of fatty acid | Lipids |
| Controls the cell's various physiologic activities | Enzymatic Proteins |
| Mineral salts | Electrolytes |
| Chemical secretion manufactured by various endocrine glands and carried by the bloodstream to influence the activities of other parts of the body. | Hormones |
| Process of locating and identifying genes in the genome | Mapping |
| Protein production | Protein synthesis |
| Keep the correct proportion of water in the cell | Sodium and potassium |
| A five - carbon sugar molecule | Deoxyribose |
| Compounds called purines | Adenine and guanine |
| Compounds called pyrimidines | Cytosine and thymine |
| The total amount of genetic material (DNA) contained within the chromosomes of a human being | Human genome |
| Protein molecules produced by specialized cells in the bone marrow called B lymphocytes | Antibodies |
| Multiplication process whereby one cell divides to form two or more cells | Cell Division |
| Saccharides | Carbohydrates |
| The phase of mitosis during which the duplicate centromeres migrate in opposite directions along the mitotic spindle and carry the chromatids to opposite sides of the cell | Anaphase |
| The frail, semipermeable, flexible structure and encasing and surrounding the human cell that functions as a barricade to protect cellular contents from there outside environment and also control the passage of water and other materials in & out cell. | Cell Membrane |
| Segments of DNA that serves as the basic units of heredity | Genes |
| Small, pealike sac or single-membrane spherical bodies that are of great importance for digestion within the cytoplasm | Lysosomes |
| What all the miniature cellular components present in the cytoplasm of the cell are collectively called | Cytoplasmic Organelles |
| Compounds that do not contain carbon | Inorganic compounds |
| All carbon compounds, both natural and artificial | Organic Compounds |
| Functions to assist in the linking of messenger RNA to the ribosome to facilitate protein synthesis | Ribosomal RNA |
| Very large, complex macromolecules made up of nucleotides | Nucleic Acid |
| The period of cell growth that occurs before actual cell division | Interphase |
| In humans, how many genes are contained in all 46 chromosomes? | Approximately 30,000 |
| The nucleosis contains? | Ribonucleic acid and proteins |
| In the human cell, protein synthesis occur in which of the following locations? | Ribosomes |
| Interphase consist of which of the following phases? | G1, S, and G2 |
| Carbohydrates also may be referred to as: | Saccharine |
| DNA regulates cellular activity indirectly by producing its self in the form of _________ to carry genetic information from the cell nucleus to ribosomes located in the cytoplasm. | Messenger RNA |
| Human cells contain which 4 major organic compounds? | Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acid. |
| Which of the following is a process of reduction cell division? | Meiosis |
| Which of the following cellular organelles functions as a cellular garbage disposal? | Lysosomes |
| Which of the following describes the nuclear envelope that separates the nucleus from other parts of the cell ? | Double - walled membrane |
| Which of the following are functions of the cell membrane? | Protecting the contents of the cell from the outside environment. Controlling the passage of water and other materials into and out of the cell. |
| Lipids are also referred to as: | Fats |
| The primary energy source for the cell is: | Glucose |
| Cytosine Bonds only with which of the following nitrogenous organic base? | Guanine |
| Which of the following statement is not true? | The nucleus is the "heart" of the cell. |
| WB16 | 16 |
| Twenty - two different ________ __________ are involved in protein synthesis. | Amino Acid |
| The process of locating and identifying the genes in the human genome is called: | Mapping |
| Approximately 80% to 85% of the weight of the human body is: | Water |
| Meiosis is the process of: | Reduction cell devision |
| Water preforms which of the following functions in the human body? | Maintains a constant core temperature of 98.6 F (37 C). Regulates the concentration of dissolved substances. Lubricates both the digestive system and the skeletal articulation (joints). |
| Which of the following is of primary importance in maintaining adequate amounts of intracellular fluid? | Potassium |
| The S phase of mitosis is the: | Actual DNA synthesis period |
| When a cell divides, the genetic-containing material contracts into tiny rod-shaped bodies called: | Chromosomes |
| Nitrogenous base pair form the: | Steps, or rungs, of the DNA ladderlike structure. |
| In a DNA macromolecule, the sequence of _____ determines the characteristics of every living thing. | Nitrogenous organic bases. |
| How many base pairs are there in the human genome? | 2.9 x 10^9 |
| Radiation-induced chromosome damage may be evaluated during which of the following processes? | Metaphase |
| If exposure to ionizing radiation damages the components involved in molecular synthesis beyond repair, cells do which of the following? | Function abnormally or die |
| Which of the following produces antibodies? | Lymphocytes |
| Water constitutes approximately _______ of the weight of the human body | 80% to 85% |
| Somatic cells divide through the process of: | Mitosis |
| What term is used to describe chemical secretions that are manufactured by various endocrine glands and carried by the bloodstream to influence the activities of other parts of the body? | Hormones |
| Which human cell component controls cell division and multiplication as well as biochemical reactions that occur within the cell? | Nucleus |
| Which of the following must the human body provide to ensure efficient cell operation? |
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