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L1 NCEA ACIDSBASES
level 1 definitions for acids and bases NZ
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Acid | A substance that is able to donate a hydrogen ion (proton). (Tastes sour; pH less than 7) |
Atom | The smallest particle of an element. |
Atomic number | The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. |
Mass number | The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. |
Base | A substance that is able to accept a hydrogen ion (proton). A basic solution contains that hydroxide ions (OH-). pH greater than 7. |
Alkali | A base that is soluble in water |
Charge | The amount of electricity on a particle – positive or negative. |
Proton | Positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. |
Neutron | Neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. |
Electron | Negatively charged subatomic particles found moving rapidly around the nucleus. |
Electron Arrangement (configuration) | The position of the electrons in the energy level around the nucleus |
Antacids | Substances that are taken to relieve stomach acidity. |
Metal salts | Ionic compounds except oxides or hydroxides. |
Element | A substance which is composed of only one type of atom. |
Compound | A substance which is composed of two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded. |
Isotopes | Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of Neutrons (ie same atomic number but different mass numbers). |
Particles | Atoms, molecules or ions. |
Ion | Atoms or groups of atoms which have lost or gained electrons to become a charged particle. |
Ionic bonding | Strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions to form a large 3D network. |
Ionic compound | Substance composed of oppositely charged ions (metal with non-metal) |
Formula | Symbol representation of the atoms present in a substance. |
Symbol Equation | Symbol representation of the reactants and products of a chemical reaction. |
Word Equation | Word representation of a chemical equation. |
Metal oxide | Ionic substance consisting of a metal and oxygen. (eg MgO) |
Metal hydroxide | Ionic substance consisting of a metal and hydroxide ions. (eg NaOH) |
Metal carbonate | Ionic substance consisting of a metal and carbonate ions (eg CaCO3 ) |
Metal bicarbonate | Ionic substance consisting of a metal and a hydrogen carbonate ion. ( eg NaHCO3 ). |
Indicator | Substance that changes colour in the presence of acid or base. |
Litmus | A type of indicator Red litmus- acid → red Red litmus – base →blue Blue litmus- acid →red Blue litmus – base →blue. |
Universal indicator | Mixture of indicators that change colour at different pH’s. pH 1→→→→→7→→→→→14 Red Green Blue |
pH | A number that represents the concentration of the hydrogen ions in a solution. |
pH scale | A scale formed from the pH of different solutions. |
Neutral | Having a pH of 7, ie neither acidic nor basic. |
Neutralisation | Making an acidic solution less acidic or a basic solution less basic. |
Monoatomic ions | Ions with only one atom. eg Cl- |
Reaction rates | The speed at which a chemical reaction occurs. |