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Chemistry Unit 1
Comfortable Chemistry:)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Element | a substance whose atoms are all chemically the same , containing a definite number of protons |
| Compound | a substance containing more than one element. They have fixed compositions and always contain the same elements in the same elements in the same % by mass |
| Solution | a homogenous mixture containing a solvent (usually a liquid) and one or more solutes (liquid, solids, and/or gases). Note: Mixtures usually have more solvent than solutes |
| Mixture | two or more substances combined so that each substance retains its chemical identity. |
| Physical Properties | Properties which can be determined without changing the chemical identity of a substance (i.e. density, melting and boiling points). |
| Chemical Properties | Properties of a substance that are observed during a chemical reaction |
| Chromatography | A complex, but versatile method of separating compounds of a mixture. |
| Atom | is a neutral species |
| Ion | is a positive or negative species...When the element is not neutral. |
| ionic compound | contains a metal and nonmetal |
| covalent | contains 2 or more non-metals |
| When naming 2-element compounds | they must end in -ide |
| Group I | +1 charge |
| Group II | +2 charge |
| Group VI | -2 charge |
| Group VII | -1 charge |
| Cu | +1 or +2 charge |
| Fe | +2 or +3 charge |
| Chemistry | study of matter and its properties |
| Matter | anything that has mas and a volume States of Matter, solid, liquid, and gas |
| Physical change | occurs when a substance alters its physical properties not its composition |
| Chemical change | occurs when a substance is converted into a different substance |
| Extensive properties | dependent on the amount of substance present. Mass and Volume |
| Intensive properties | independent of the amount of a substance present. Density |
| Homogenous mixture | same composition throughout. Ex. milk |
| Heterogeneous mixture | does not have the same composition throughout |
| Period | row of elements on the periodic table |
| Group | column of elements on the periodic table |
| Atomic number | whole number on periodic table. Identifies number of protons. The number of protons is unique to each element. |
| Atomic mass | decimal number on the periodic table. It is the total number of protons and neutrons. Determined by averaging the isotopes of each element. |
| Isotope | elements that have different number of neutrons |
| Proton | subatomic particle that resides in the nucleus. Positively Charged. |
| Electron | subatomic particle located in the electron cloud. Negatively Charged. |
| Neutron | subatomic particle resides in the nucleus. Neutral. |
| Neutral elements | have the same number of electrons and protons. When the element is not neutral, it is known as an ion |