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Chemistry Unit 1
Comfortable Chemistry:)
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Element | a substance whose atoms are all chemically the same , containing a definite number of protons |
Compound | a substance containing more than one element. They have fixed compositions and always contain the same elements in the same elements in the same % by mass |
Solution | a homogenous mixture containing a solvent (usually a liquid) and one or more solutes (liquid, solids, and/or gases). Note: Mixtures usually have more solvent than solutes |
Mixture | two or more substances combined so that each substance retains its chemical identity. |
Physical Properties | Properties which can be determined without changing the chemical identity of a substance (i.e. density, melting and boiling points). |
Chemical Properties | Properties of a substance that are observed during a chemical reaction |
Chromatography | A complex, but versatile method of separating compounds of a mixture. |
Atom | is a neutral species |
Ion | is a positive or negative species...When the element is not neutral. |
ionic compound | contains a metal and nonmetal |
covalent | contains 2 or more non-metals |
When naming 2-element compounds | they must end in -ide |
Group I | +1 charge |
Group II | +2 charge |
Group VI | -2 charge |
Group VII | -1 charge |
Cu | +1 or +2 charge |
Fe | +2 or +3 charge |
Chemistry | study of matter and its properties |
Matter | anything that has mas and a volume States of Matter, solid, liquid, and gas |
Physical change | occurs when a substance alters its physical properties not its composition |
Chemical change | occurs when a substance is converted into a different substance |
Extensive properties | dependent on the amount of substance present. Mass and Volume |
Intensive properties | independent of the amount of a substance present. Density |
Homogenous mixture | same composition throughout. Ex. milk |
Heterogeneous mixture | does not have the same composition throughout |
Period | row of elements on the periodic table |
Group | column of elements on the periodic table |
Atomic number | whole number on periodic table. Identifies number of protons. The number of protons is unique to each element. |
Atomic mass | decimal number on the periodic table. It is the total number of protons and neutrons. Determined by averaging the isotopes of each element. |
Isotope | elements that have different number of neutrons |
Proton | subatomic particle that resides in the nucleus. Positively Charged. |
Electron | subatomic particle located in the electron cloud. Negatively Charged. |
Neutron | subatomic particle resides in the nucleus. Neutral. |
Neutral elements | have the same number of electrons and protons. When the element is not neutral, it is known as an ion |