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Radiation Protection
Chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Units expressed from 1900 to 1930 to measure radiation exposure. | Skin Erythema Dose |
| A measure of the amount of radiant energy that has been thrust into a portion of the patient's body surface. | Dose Area Product (DAP) |
| Allows units to be used interchangeably among all branches of science throughout the world. | SI |
| Concept that helps explain the need of quality, or modifying, factor. | Linear Energy Transfer (LET) |
| Kinetic energy released in a unit mass (kilogram) of air | Air Kerma |
| SI unit of EqD | Sv |
| Blood disorder resulting in abnormal overproduction of white blood cells after exposure to ionizing radiation | Leukemia |
| The product of D x Wr X Wt | EfD |
| Relates the ionization produced in a small cavity within an irradiated medium or object to the energy absorbed in that medium as a result of its radiation exposure | Bragg-Gray theory |
| Blood disorder resulting from bone marrow failure after exposure to ionizing radiation. | Aplastic Amenia |
| Product of D x Wr | EqD |
| Biologic damage to the body caused by exposure to ionizing radiation. | Somatic Damage |
| SI unit for the radiation quantity ColEfD | Person-sievert |
| Radiation exposure received by radiation workers in the course of exercising their professional responsibilities | Occupational Exposure |
| SI unit used to express D | Gy |
| Radiation quantity that is a particularly useful dose monitor for occupational exposed personnel such as nuclear medicine technologist and interventional radiologists, who are likely to receive possibly significant radiation exposure during the year. | TEDE |
| The amount of ionizing radiation that may strike an object such as the human body when in the vicinity of a radiation strike. | Exposure |
| The kinetic energy released in a unit mass of tissue | Tissue Kerma |
| A dimensionless factor (a multiplier) that was chosen for radiation protection purposes to account for differences in biologic impact among various types of ionizing radiation | Wr |
| A pear-shaped, partial vacuum discharged tube | Crookes Tube |
| Fluorescent material that coated the paper used when x-rays were discovered. | Barium Platinocyanide |
| A composite, or weighted average, of the atomic numbers of the many chemical elements comprising the tissue. | Effective Atomic Number (Zeff) |
| Short-wavelength, higher-energy electromagnetic waves emitted by the nuclei of radioactive substances | Gamma Radiation |
| The amount of energy per unit mass absorbed by an irradiated object. | D |
| The photon (either x-ray or gamma ray) exposure that under standard conditions of pressure and temperature produces a total positive or negative ion charge of 2.58 x 10^-4 C/kg of dry air | R |
| Which of the following factors must be multiplied to determine the EfD from an x-radiation exposure of an organ or body part? | D x Wr x Wt |
| Which of the following is the S I unit of radiation exposure that is used for x-ray equipment calibration? | C/kg |
| The expression 10^-6 may be symbolically expressed as which of the following? | m |
| In radiation protection systems is no longer in use, a radiation dose to which occupationally exposed persons could be continuously subjected without any apparent harmful acute effects, such as erythema of the skin, was known as an? | Tolerance dose |
| Early deterministic somatic effects of radiation include: | Nausea and fatigue Blood and intestinal disorder Diffuse redness of the skin and shedding of it’s outer layer |
| Which of the following terms describes the amount of energy per unit mass transferred from an x-ray beam to an object and its path such as the human body? | Absorbed Dose |
| The total amount of radiant energy transferred by ionizing radiation to the body during a radiation exposure defines: | Surface integral dose |
| Fluoroscopic entrance dose rates can now be measured in: | mGy a/min |
| The EfD is based on? | The energy deposited in biologic tissue my ionizing radiation |
| In radiation protection, which of the following is measured of the probabilistic health effect on the individual as a result of an intake of radioactive material into the body? | CEDE |
| Which of the following radiation quantities can be used to compare the average amount of radiation received by the entire body from a specific radiologic examination with the amount received from natural background radiation? | EfD |
| Which of the following radiation quantities is used to describe exposure of a population or group from low doses of different sources of ionizing radiation? | ColEfD |
| A dimensionless factor, or multiplier, that places risks associated with biologic effects on a common scale is known as the: | Wr |
| Which of the following have similar numeric values? | Quality factor (Q) Wr |
| If a patient undergoing X-ray therapy receives a total dose of 3000 rad, the dose may be recorded as when the SI system is used. Therefore, the dose will be: | 3,000 centigray (cGy). |
| Which of the following types of radiation has a Wr of 20? | Alpha particles |
| Ten sieverts equal ________ millisieverts. | 10,000 |
| Which of the following is (are) equivalent to 1 rem? | 1/100 Sv 1 centisievert (cSv) 10 millisieverts (mSv) |
| Thomas A. Edison invented the: | flouroscope |
| Which of the following of the SI unit for surface integral dose? | Gy-m^2 |
| The ampere is the SI unit of: | Electrical current |
| In the traditional system of quantities and unit, 1 rad is equivalent to an energy transfer of: | 100 erg per gram of irradiated object. |
| X-rays, beta particles (high speed electrons), and gamma rays have been given a numeric adjustment value of 1 because they produce: | Virtually the same biologic effect in body tissue equal absorbed doses. |
| In therapeutic radiology, which of the following units is replacing the rad for recording of absorbed dose? | cGy |
| Which of the following was used as the first measure of exposure for ionizing radiation? | Skin erythema |
| Which of the following is the unit of collective effective dose (ColEfD)? | Person-sievert |
| The concept of tissue weighting factor (Wr) is used to do which of the following? | Account for the risk to the entire organism brought on by irradiation of individual tissues and organs. |
| To convert the number of grays into milligrays, the number of grays must be: | Multiplied by 1,000 |
| What does the SI radiation unit coulomb per kilogram measure? | Radiation exposure in air only |
| Which of the following radiation quantities accounts for some biological tissues being more sensitive to radiation damage than other tissues? | Equivalent dose |
| If 100 people receive an average effective dose of 0.35 Sv, what is the collective effective dose? | 35 person - sieverts |
| What is the S I unit for surface integral dose? | Gy-m^2 |
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