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CHAPTER 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ATOM | SMALLEST PARTICLE OF AN ELEMENT, WHICH CAN EXIST ALONE OR IN COMBINATION |
| BACKDRAFT | PHENOMENON THAT OCCURS WHEN FIRE TAKES PLACE IN COMFINED AREA AND BURNS UNDETECTED UNTIL MOST OF THE O2 IS CONSUMED |
| BLACK FIRE | HOT, HIGH VOLUME, HIGH-VELOCITY, TURBULANT, ULTRA-DENSE BLACK SMOKE THAT INDICATES AN IMPENDING FLASHOVER OR AUTOIGNITION |
| BOILING LIQUID/ EXPANDING VAPOR EXPLOSION (BLEVE) | EXPLOSION THAT OCCURS WHEN A TANK CONTAINTING A COLATILE LIQUID AT THE BOTTOM OF THE TNAK AND A FLAMMABLE GAS AT THE TOP OF THE TANK IS HEATED TO THE POINT WHERE THE TANK RUPTURES |
| BOX | BURNING STRUCTURE |
| CHEMICAL ENERGY | ENERGY THAT IS CREATED OR RELEASED BY THE OMBINATION OR DECOMPOSITION OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS |
| CLASS A FIRE | FIRE IN ORDINARY COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS |
| CLASS B FIRE | FIRE IN FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS |
| CLASS C FIRE | FIRE THAT INVOLVES ENERGIED ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT |
| CLASS D FIRE | FIRE IN COMBUSTIBLE METALS |
| CLASS K FIRE | FIRE IN A COOKING APPLIENCE THAT INVOLVVES COMBUSTIBLE COOKING MEDIA |
| COMBUSTION | CHEMICAL PROCESS OF OXIDATION THAT OCCURS AT A RATE FAST ENOUGH TO PRODUCE HEAT AND USUALLY LIGHT IN THE FORM OF EITHER A GLOW OR A FLAME |
| COMPARTMENT | SPACE COMPLETELY ENCLOSED BY WALLS AND A CEILING (NFPA 13) |
| CONDUCTION | HEAT TRANSFER TO ANOTHER BODY OR WITHIN A BODY BY DIRECT CONTACT (NFPA 921) |
| CONVECTION | HEAT TRANFER BY CIRCULATION WITHIN A MEDIUM SUCH AS A GAS OR A LIQUID |
| DECAY PHASE | PHASE OF FIRE DEVELOPMENT IN WHICH THE FIRE HAS CONSUMED EITHER THE AVAILABLE FUEL OR O2 AND IS STARTING TO DIE DOWN |
| ELECTRICAL ENERGY | HEAT THAT IS PRODUCED ELECTRICALLY |
| ENDOTHERMIC | REACTIONS THAT ABSORB HEAT OR REQUIRE TO BE ADDED |
| EXOTHERMIC | REACTIONS THAT RESULT IN THE RELEASE OF ENERGY IN THE FORM OF HEAT |
| FIRE | A RAPID, PERSISTANT, CHEMICAL REACTION THAT RELEASES BOTH HEAT AND LIGHT |
| FIRE TETRAHEDRON | GEOGRAPHIC SHAPE USED TO DEPICT THE 4 COMPONENTS REQUIRED FOR A FIRE TO OCCUR: FUEL, O2, HEAT, AND CHEMICAL CHAIN REACTIONS |
| FIRE TRIANGLE | GEOMETRIC SHAPE USED TO DEPICT THE THREE COMPONENTS OF WHICH A FIRE IS COMPOSED: FUEL, O2, AND HEAT |
| FLAMEOVER (ROLLOVER) | CONDITION WHERE UNBURNED FUEL (PYROLYSATE) FROM THE ORGINATING FIRE HAS ACCUMULATED IN THE CEILING LAYER TO A SUFFICIENT CONCENTRATION |
| FLAME POINT (FIRE POINT) | LOWEST TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A SUBSTANCE RELEASES ENOUGH VAPORS TO IGNITE AND SUSTAIN COMBUSTION |
| FLAMMABILITY LIMITS (EXPLOSIVE LIMITS) | UPPER AND LOWER CONCENTRATION LIMITS OF FLAMMABLE GAS OR VAPOR IN AIR THAT CAN BE IGNITED, EXPRESSED AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE FUEL BY VOLUME |
| FLASHOVER | TRANSITION PHASE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPARTMENT FIRE IN WHICH SURFACES EXPOSED TO THERMAL RADIATION REACH IGNITION TEMP MORE OR LESS SIMULTANEOUSLY AND FIRE SPREADS RAPIDLY THROUGHOUT SPACE (NFPA 921) |
| FLASH POINT | MINIMUM TEMPERATURE OF A LIQUID AT WHICH SUFFICIENT VAPOR IS GIVEN OFF TO FORM AN IGNITABLE MIXTURE WITH THE AIR, NEAR THE SURFACE OF THE LIQUID OR WITHIN THE VESSEL USED |
| FUEL | MATERIAL THAT WILL MAINTAIN COMBUSTION UNDER SPECIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL CONDIDIONS (NFPA 30) |
| FULLY DEVELOPED PHASE | PHASE OF FIRE DEVELOPMENT IN WHICH THE FIRE IS FREE-BURNING AND CONSUMING MUCH OF THE FUEL |
| GAS | MATERIAL THAT HAS A VAPOR PRESSURE GREATER THAN 300KPA ABOLUTE (43.5 PSIA) AT 50c OR IS COMPLETLEY GASEOUS AT 20c AT A STANDARD PRESSURE OF 101.3KPA ABOLUTE (14.7 PSIA) (NFPA 30A) |
| GROWTH PHASE | PHASE OF FIRE DEVELOPMENT IN WHICH THE FIRE IS SPREADING BEYOND THE POINT OF ORIGIN AND BEGINNING TO INVOLVE OTHER FUELS IN THE IMMEDIATE AREA |
| HYPOXIA | STATE OF INADEQUATE OXYGENATION OF THE BLOOD AND TISSUE SUFFICIENT TO CAUSE IMPAIRMENT OF FUNCTION (NFPA 99B) |
| IGNITION PHASE | THE PHASE OF FIRE DEVELOPMENT IN WHICH THE FIRE IS LIMITED TO THE IMMEDIATE POINT OF ORIGIN |
| IGNITION TEMPERATURE | MINIMUM TEMPERATURE A SUBSTANCE SHOULD ATTAIN TO IGNITE UNDER SPECIFIC TEST CONDITIONS (NFPA 921) |
| LAMINAR SMOKE FLOW | SMOOTH OR STREMLINED MOVEMNT OF SMOKE, WHICH INDICATES THAT THE PRESSURE IN THE BUILDING IS NOT EXCESSIVELY HIGH |
| LIQUID | ANY MATERIAL THAT HAS A FLUIDITY GREATER THAN 300 PENETRATION ASPHALT TESTED IN ACCORDANCE W/ ASTMD5, STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR PENETRATION OF BITUMINOUS MATERIALS, IS VISCOUS SUBSTANCE FOR WHICH SPECIFIC MELTIN POINT CANT BE DETERMINED BY ASTM D4359 |
| LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (LFL) | THAT CONCENTRATION OF A COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL IN AIR BELOW WHICH IGNITION WILL NOT OCCUR; ALSO KNOWN AS THE LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (NFPA 392) |
| MATTER | SUBSTANCE MADE UP OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES |
| MECHANICAL ENERGY | FORM OF POTENTIAL ENERGY THAT CNA GENERATE HEAT THROUGH FRICTION |
| OXIDATION | REACTION WITH O2 EITHER IN THE FORM OF THE ELEMENT OR IN THE FORM OF ONE OF ITS COMPONENTS (NFPA 53) |
| PLUME | THE COLUMN OF HOT GASES, FLAMES, AND SMOKE RISING ABOVE A FIRE; ALSO CALLED CONVECTION COLUMN, THERMAL UPDRAFT, OR THERMAL COLUM (NFPA 921) |
| PYROLYSIS | THE DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN AN O2 FREE ENVIRONMENT THAT CONVERTS THE ORGANIC MATTER INTO GASES, LIQUIDS, AND CHAR (NFPA 820) |
| RADIATION | EMISSION AND PROPAGATION OF ENERGY THROUGH MATTER OR SPACE BY MEANS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC DISTURBANCES THAT DISPLAY BOTH WAVE-LIKE AND PARTICLE-LIKE BEHAVIOR (NFPA 801) |
| SMOKE | THE AIRBORNE SOLID AND LIQUID PARTICULATES AND GASES EVOLVED WHEN A MATERIAL UNDERGOES PYROLYSIS OR COMBUSTION, TOGETHER WITH THE QUANTITY OF AIR THAT IS ENTRAINED OR OTHERWISE MIZED INTO THE MASS (NFPA 318) |
| SMOKE COLOR | THE ATTRUBURE OF SMOKE THAT REFLECTS THE STAGE OF BURNING OF A FIRE AND THE MATERIAL THAT IS BURNING IN THE FIRE |
| SMOKE DENSITY | THICKNESS OF SMOKE |
| SMOKE VELOCITY | SPEE DOF SMOKE LEAVING A BURNING BUILDING |
| SMOKE VOLUME | QUANTITY OF SMOKE WHICH INDICATES HOW MUCH FUEL IS BEING HEATED |
| SOLID | ONE OF THE THREE PHASES OF MATTER; MATERIAL THAT HAS THREE DIMENSIONS AND IS FIRM IN SUBSTANCE |
| THERMAL COLUMN | CYLINDRICAL AREA ABOVE A FIRE IN WHICH HEATED AIR AND GASES RISE AND TRAVEL UPWARD |
| THERMAL LAYERING | STRATIFICATION (HEAT LAYERS) THAT OCCURS IN A ROOM AS A RESULT OF A FIRE |
| THERMAL RADIATION | MEANS BY WHICH HEAT IS TRANFERRED TO OTHER OBJECTS |
| TURBULENT SMOKE FLOW | AGITATED, BOILING, ANGRY-MOVEMENT SMOKE, WHICH INDICATES GREAT HEAT IN THE BURNING BUILDING |
| UPPER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (UFL) | HIGHEST CONCENTRATION OF COMBUSTIBLE SUBSTANCE IN A GASEOUS OXIDIZER THAT WILL PROPAGATE A FLAME (NFPA 68) |
| VAPOR DENSITY | WEIGHT OF AN AIRBORNE CONCENTRATION (VAPOR OR GAS) AS COMPARED TO AN EQUAL VOLUME OF DRY AIR |
| VOLATILITY | THE ABILITY OF A SUBSTANCE TO PRODUCE COMMBUSTIBLE VAPORS |
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