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Cardiovascular
| The heart is located in the thoracic cavity | The Ventricles are the bottom 2 chambers of the heart |
| The heart pumps 7,000 liters of blood a day | The septum separates the right and left side of the of the heart to prevent blood from crossing over |
| Pericardium is the sac that encloses the heart | The Tricuspid Valve is located between the right atrium and ventricle. |
| The Epicardium is the outer most layer of the heart and reduces friction | The Mitral Valve is located between the left atrium and ventricle . |
| The thick, muscular,middle layer that is responsible for the pumping action of the heart id the Myocardium | The Pulmonary Valve is located at the base of the pulmonary trunk |
| The inner most layer of the heart that contains elastic fibers and blood vessels is called the Endocardium | The Vortic valve is located at the base of the Aorta |
| The Atria is the to 2 chambers of the heart that receive blood | Pressure inside the chambers causes the valves to open and close |
| Cardiac muscle fibers connect to branching networks | When the Atria are relaxed the pressure is low which allows them to fill easy |
| An impulse travels through the whole heart causing it to contract. | The lubb-dubb sound is caused by vibrations when the valves close. |
| A mass of merging cells that function as a unit is called a functional syncytium | The S-A node is located in the right atrium and stimulates the atria to ocntract |
| The A-V node is located in the septum and eventually causes the ventricles to contract | A ECG records electrical changes during a cardiac cycle |
| The P wave represents when the atria contract | T wave represents when the ventricles contract |
| QRS complex is the period between the atria contracting and the ventricles contracting | If potassium is too low it may cause an arrhythmia |
| There are about 62,000 miles of blood vessels in the body | Arteries are strong and carry blood away from the heart |
| The artery walls have 3 layers | The Tunica Medio is the middle layer and makes up most of the artery wall |
| The artery wall contains smooth muscle fibers that can contract and relax | When the artery walls contract and get smaller, this is called vasoconstriction |
| Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels | Microscopic vessels that merge together to for veins and venules |
| When the artery walls relax and get bigger, this is called vasodialation | Veins carry blood back to the heart |
| Some veins contain Valves that prevent the blood from backing up in the vein | Blood pressure the the amount of pressure against the artery walls |
| Systolic pressure is the measurement of when the ventricles contract | Diastolic pressure the measurement of when the ventricles relax |
| Pulse is a measurement is the Pulmonary arteries contracting and relaxing | Pelpate means to feel the pulse. |
| BP=Cardiac output X peripheral resistance | The more blood that enters the ventricles the harder it will contract |
| Receptors in the arteries sense changes in BP and sends impulses to the to increase heart rate | The diameter of blood vessels will also determine an increase or decrease in BP |
| The vasomotor center in the brain causes the blood vessels to constrict or dilate to maintain BP | The smaller the diameter or a blood vessel will cause the BP to rise |
| Pressure in the capillaries is low | When skeletal muscles contract and relax it helps move blood through the veins |
| During inspiration pressure increases in the thoracic and abdominal cavities are helping squeeze blood through the veins | The aorta is the largest artery in the body |
| The renal arteries supply blood to the kidneys | The vertebral arteries pass through the skull and come together to form the basilar artery to supply blood to the brain |
| the brachial artery runs along the humerus to the elbow | The common iliac artery supply blood to the pelvic organs, the gluteal region, and lower limbs |
| The femoral artery runs through the thigh and reaches to the knee | The dorsalis pedis artery spplies blood to the foot |
| Veins carry blood back to the heart | Veins start as capillaries and merge into venules |
| When the veins reach the heart, they from the inferior and superior vena cava which empties into the right atrium | The jugular veins run on each side of the neck and drain blood from the face scalp and neck |
| The basilic vein runs from the forearm to the middle of the arm where it joins the brachial vein | The azygos vein starts in the abdominal wall and runs along the vertebral column to join the superior vena cava |
| Capillaries of the abdominal organs travel to the liver through the hepatic portal vein | The right and left gastric veins drain blood from the stomach |
| The superior mesenteric vein drains blood from the small and large intestines | The liver stores nutrients to be used later when it is low in the blood stream |
| Veins in the leg merge together at the knee to form the popliteal vein | The small veins of the foot join into 2 major veins called the small and great saphenous veins |
| The great saphenous vein id the longest vein in the blood |
Created by:
zoie.soals