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Radiation Protection
Chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Exit, or image formation, radiation is composed of which of the following? | Noninteracting and small - angle scattered photons. |
| Which of the following contributes significantly to the exposure of the radiographer? | Compton - scattered photons |
| Defines attenuation? | Absorption and scatter |
| In the radiographic kilovoltage range, which of the following structures undergoes the most photoelectric absorption? | Compact Bone |
| In which of the following xray interactions with matter is the energy of the incident photon partially absorbed? | Compton |
| When a high atomic number solution is either ingested or injected into human tissue or a structure to visualize it during a imaging procedure, which of the following occurs? | Photoelectric interaction become significantly enhanced, leading to an increase in the absorb those in the body tissues or structures that contain the contrast medium. |
| Which of the following characteristics primarily differentiates the possibility of occurrence of the various interactions of x-radiation with human tissue? | Energy of the incoming photon |
| Which of the following influences annenuation? | Effective atomic number of the absorber, mass density, thickness of the absorber |
| A decrease in contrast of the image by adding an additional, unwanted exposure (Radiographic fog) results from which of the following interactions between x-radiation and matter? | Compton scatter |
| The interactions of X-ray photons with any atoms of biologic matter are: | Random, and therefore the effects of such interactions cannot be predicted with certainty. |
| When a technical exposure factor of 100 KVP is selected, which of the following occurs? | The beam will contain photons having energies of 100 KEV or less, with an average energy of about 33KEV. |
| The passage of x-ray photons through a patient without interreaction in body tissues is called: | Direct transmission |
| In which of the following x-ray interactions with matter is the energy of the incident photon completely absorbed? | Photoelectric |
| What is the result of coherent scatter? | Usually just a small angle change in the direction of the incident photon. |
| A technical exposure factor of 100 KVP means that the electrons bombarding the anode of the x-ray tube have a maximum energy of: | 100,000 eV or 100 keV. |
| A Compton scatter electron: | Is absorbed within a few microns of the sites of the original Compton interaction. |
| Most scattered radiation produced during radiographic procedures is the direct results of which of the following? | Compton interactions. |
| A reduction in the number of primary photons in the x-ray beam through absorption and scatter as the beam passes through the patient in its path defines: | Attenuation |
| Before interacting with matter, and incoming x-ray photon may be referred to as which of the following? | Primary photon |
| Within the energy range of diagnostic radiology (23 to 150 KVP), which includes mammography, when KVP is decreased, the patient dose: | Increases |
| Which of the following statements best describes mass density? | It is measured in grams per cubic centimeter. |
| Of the following interactions between x-radiation and matter, which does not occur in the range of diagnostic radiology? | Pair production, and photodisintegration. |
| For a diagnostic radiological examination, the selection of technical exposure factors using an optimal KVP in mAs combination: | Produces an x-ray image of acceptable quality while minimizing patient dose. |
| The quality, or penetrating power, of an x-ray beam is controlled by | kVp. |
| Small - angle scatter: | Degrades the appearance of a completed radiographic image by blurring the sharp outlines of dense structures. |
| Within the energy range of diagnostic radiology, as absorption of electromagnetic energy in biological tissues increases, the potential for biologic damage: | Increases |
| Coherent scattering, classical scattering, unmodified scattering are all? | Synonymous |
| Noninteracting and small - angle scattered photons comprise: | Exit, or image formation, radiation. |
| Direct transmission means that x-ray photons: | Pass through biologic tissue without interaction |
| Which of the following has the same mass and magnitude of charge as a negatron | Positron |
| Which of the following interactions between X radiation and matter does not occur within the range of diagnostic radiology? | Pair production. |
| kVp controls: | Quality, or penetrating power, of the x-ray photons in the beam. |
| Primary radiation is synonymous with: | Direct radiation. |
| Which of the following are radiographic image receptors? | Digital Radiography receptor Phosphor plate Radiographic film |
| The process most responsible for the contrast between bone and soft tissue in a diagnostic radiographic images is: | Photoelectric absorption. |
| Transference of electromagnetic energy from the x-rays to the atoms of the patient's biological material | Absorption |
| Combination of the x-ray tube glass wall and the added aluminum placed within the collimator | Permanent Inherent Filtration |
| Interaction between an x-ray photon and an inner-shell electron of an atom. | Photoelectric Absorption |
| Refers to the number of x rays emitted per inner-shell vacancy | Fluorescent Yield |
| The product of electron tube current and the amount of time in seconds that the tube is activated | mAs |
| The highest energy level of photons in the x-ray beam | kVp |
| Proton-neutron combination | Deuteron |
| Interaction of an x-ray photon with a loosely bound outer-shell electron of an atom | Compton Scattering |
| A composite Z value for when multiple chemical elements comprise a material | Effective Atomic Number (Zeff) |
| Metal that hardens the x-ray beam by removing low energy components | Aluminum |
| Positively charged electron | Positron |
| Undesirable, additional exposure on a completed radiographic image that can be caused by scattered radiation. | Radiographic Fog |
| Reduction in the number of photons in the x-ray beam through absorption and scatter as the beam passes through the patient in its path | Attenuation |
| The degree of overall blackening on a radiographic film image that has been completed | Radiographic Density |
| Byproduct of photoelectric interaction. | Photoelectron |
| Metal alloy of which the anode of an x-ray tube can be made | Tungsten Rhenium |
| Interaction in which the energy of the incoming photon is transformed into two new particles, a negatron and a positron. | Pair Production |
| Effective atomic number of compact bone | 13.8 |
| Radiation in the form of two oppositely moving 0.511 MeV photons generated as the result of mutual annihilation of matter and antimatter. | Annihilation Radiation |
| Mathematic expression of Einstein's theory of relativity | E=mc^2 |
| Effective atomic number of soft tissue | 7.4 |
| The amount of energy absorbed by the patient per unit mass | Absorbed Dose |
| Particles associated with electromagnetic radiation that have neither mass nor charge and travel at the speed of light | X-ray photons |
| Agents that result in areas of increased density on a completed image. | Negatively contrast media |
| X-ray photons that emerge from human tissue and strike the radiographic image receptor after passing through the patient being radiographed. | Image formation radiation |
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