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biology 12 13 14 rev
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| thymine dimers | pair of abnormally chemically bonded adjacent bases in dna resulting from damage by UV |
| P53 gene | tumor suppressor gene more frequently mutated in human cancers than any gene |
| eukaryote | wrapped around histone molecules to form beaded string |
| onogene | gene that in certain circumstances can transform a cell into a tumor cell |
| mutagens and carcinogens | associated with induced mutations |
| frameshift mutation | deletion of one base pair that alters the sequence of codons |
| posttranscriptional control | level of genetic control that involves the processing of early rna transcripts to mrna and the rate at which mrna leaves the nucleus |
| transcriptional control | most critical level of eukaryotic control |
| xenotransplantation | any procedure that involves the transplantation, implantation, or infusion into a human |
| gene cloning | accomplished by recombinant dna technology and polymerse chain reactions |
| The introduction of normal genes into an afflicted individual for therapeutic use is called | gene therapy |
| bioformatics, proteomics, genomics | field of study would scientists predict a protein and three-dimensional shape and how DNA mutations would affect protein function. |
| 5 codon sequences | the number of codon sequences it would require to produce the following amino acid sequence: alanine - proline - serine - isoleucine - stop. |
| anticodon | group of bases on trna that is complementary to a specific mrna codon |
| what takes place during translation | attatchment of ribosome to mrna, binding of 2 trna molecules per ribosome (NOT PRODUCTION OF MRNA) |
| dna | unknown chemical is analyzed and found to conain the bases thymine and guanine |
| If one strand of DNA has the base sequence AAGCAA, the complementary sequence is? | TTCGTT (a) |
| sequence of events in translation | initiation, elongation, termination |
| During DNA replication, which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of new DNA by adding, to the 3' end of the previous nucleotide, new nucleotides that are complementary to a DNA template? | dna polymerse |
| nucleotides contain what | pphosphate group, sugar, nitrogen base (NOT HISTONES) |
| In the Watson and Crick model of DNA, the steps of the ladder are composed of ? | a purine and pyrimidine |
| What isthe universal regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes for controlling gene expression? | all are used (control of genes, mrna, and processing of mrna and polypeptides) |
| Active genes in eukaryotic cells are associated with what other material? | euchromatin (loosly packed chromatin) |
| What is the series of events associated with the formation of cancer? | The proto-oncogenes mutate and become oncogenes which are continuously active. There is also an associated loss of tumor suppressor gene activity allowing uncontrolled growth of cells. |
| Describe xeroderma pigmentosum. | inherited condition characterized by an extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) rays |
| Describe androgen insensitivity | rare condition that affects the development of a child's genitals and reproductive organs. |
| Define point mutations | change to one or more nucleotides in dna |
| how does gene therapy work | transfer of a specific genetic material (usually DNA) into a patient to treat a particular disease |
| It is estimated that humans have approximately ______ base pairs in our genome. | 3 billion |
| transgenic organism | been modified with genetic material from anoter species |
| polymerase chain reaction | used to replicate a fragment of dna and produce large amount of that sequence |
| proteomics | study of protein |
| bioinformatics | science of collecting and analyzing comple bio data |
| genomics | study of genes |
| If a DNA sample contains 13% adenine, what percentage of the sample contains cytosine? | 37% |
| success rate of animal cloning | very low (1-3%) |
| When bone marrow stem cells are removed from the patient, infected with a virus that carries a normal gene, and returned to the patient, this is an example of ? | ex vivo gene therapy |
| gene pharming | use of transgenic farm animals to produce pharmicudicals |
| transgenic bacteria | have been given suicide genes that cause them to self-destruct when the job for which they are engineered has been accomplished. |
Created by:
andreaharper