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WH Vocab
Industrial Rev/Nationalism/Imperialism
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Industrial Revolution | movement in the 1800s that began in England; Machines replaced hand work |
| Enclosure | farmers in England in the 18th century began "enclosing their farms" to experiment with crops and animals |
| Crop rotation | rotating crops to better land; resulted in larger harvest in the 1800s |
| Entrepreneur | person who begins a business |
| cotton gin | invented by Eli Whitney; made slavery an institution in American Southeast |
| Union | group of workers in the same industry that unite to push for higher pay and better working conditions |
| Factory Act of 1833 | first law to protect child workers in England |
| Mines Act of 1842 | piece of legislation passed in Great Britain in 1842 which was a response to the dangerous working conditions revealed in a Royal Commission report, set up by Sir Robert Peel |
| Laissez-faire government | belief that the government should not interfere in private business practices |
| water frame | patented by Richard Arkwright; spinning frame that could produce stronger threads for yarns; the first powered, automatic, continuous textile machine; enabled move away from home manufacturing towards factory production of textiles |
| Spinning Jenny | invented c 1764 by James Hargreaves; reduced amount of work needed to produce yarn; worker could produce eight or more spools at once |
| John Kay | patented a flying shuttle that increased the speed of the weaving process (1733) |
| Eli Whitney | inventor of the Cotton Gin and interchangeable parts |
| James Watt | made improvements to the steam engine |
| George Stephenson | English civil engineer and mechanical engineer, built first public railway line to use steam locomotives; Father of Railways |
| Samuel Slater | early American industrialist known as "Father of American Industrial Revolution" or "Father of American Factory System" |
| Bourgeoisie | upper middle class consisting of professionals and industrialists |
| Boxer Rebellion | Chinese revolt against western influence and presence; finally put down but not until the deaths of many Europeans within China |
| colonization | act or process of establishing a colony or colonies |
| communism | political and economic policy that supports no private property with all assets to be owned by the people as a group |
| suffrage | the vote |
| realism | movement which promotes looking at the world as it really exists |
| dual monarchy | government of Austria-Hungary where the emperor was recognized as the leader of both states yet each state had a separate parliament |
| corporation | company which is owned by a number of individuals, all who have purchased stock |
| emigration | to leave a country in order to reside in another |
| immigration | enter a new country in order to set up residence |
| imperialism | movement to dominate non-industrialized regions of the world in order to gain raw resources and have a ready market for manufacturing goods |
| Kaiser | emperor of Germany |
| Muslim League | political organization of India and Pakistan, founded in 1906 as the All-India Muslim League by Aga Khan III |
| Opium War | wars fought between China and Britain over the British trade in opium |
| Proletariat | urban working poor |
| protectorate | relation of a strong state toward a weaker state or territory that it protects and partly controls |
| Roosevelt Corollary | declaration made by President Theodore Roosevelt in December 1904 authorizing the U.S. intervention of neighboring American countries in order to counter threats posed to U.S. security and interests |
| Russo-Japanese War | war between Russia and japan over control of Chinese territories |
| Second Reich | second unification of Germany, after firsts Reich, which was the Holy Roman Empire (1871-1918) |
| Seven Weeks War | war between Prussia & Austria, Bavaria, Hanover, Saxony, and allied German states; resulted in Prussian Victory, also called Austro-Prussian War |
| Socialism | political and economic philosophy which supports the sharing of wealth |
| Spanish-American War | 1898, between U.S. and Spain; resulted in Spain ceding Puerto Rico, the Philippine Islands, and Guam to the U.S. and abandoning claims to Cuba |
| Sphere of Influence | territorial area over which political or economic influence is wielded by one nation |
| stock | represents part ownership in a corporation |
| Suez Canal | man-made waterway which was built to join the Red Sea with the Mediterranean |
| Third Republic | French government 1870-1940, marked by social stability, industrialization, and establishment of a professional civil service |
| Meiji Restoration | post Tokugawa Shounate period in which the power of the Shogun was taken away in favor of the Emperor |
| Taiping Rebellion | most destructive civil war during the Qing dynasty; failed due to internal disagreement |
| Romanticism | literary movement which stressed following your emotions and heart to determine your actions |
| The Eastern Question | uncertainty of the fact of the failing Ottoman Empire |
| Manifest Destiny | idea that it is the natural right of the U. S. to stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific |
| Social Darwinism | philosophy which supported an industrialized nation's right to dominate and abuse if desired another nation which is weaker |
| Nationalism | love and glorification of one's state |
| unification of Germany | process in the late 19th century in which the 36 German states were unified under Prussian leadership |
| Open door policy | demand of the U.S. that China and Japan open their doors to the U.S. for trade |
| Crimean War | war in which France and Britain fought the Russians over the Russian encroachment into the Ottoman Empire |
| Sino-Japanese War | war between nChina and Japan over Korea |
| Unification of Italy | process in the late 19th century in which Piedmont-Sardinia's chancellor Count Camillo Cavour manipulated and militarily dominated the Italian city-states resulting in one united Italian state |
| Karl Marx | father of communism |
| Bismarck | Chancellor of Prussia who through the process of war and diplomatic policy united the German states of the Confederation into one united Germany |
| Napoleon III | emperor of the 2nd French Empire who was forced to abdicate as a result of the Franco-Prussian War |
| Kipling | famous English writer, 1865-1936, born in India, wrote the Jungle Book |
| Boers | dutch colonists or descendants of Dutch colonists |
| Zulu | member of the Bantu people of southeast Africa, primarily inhabiting northeast Natal province in South Africa |
| Matthew Perry | U.S. Commodore who persuaded the Chinese and Japanese governments to open their doors to U.S. trade |
| Theodore Roosevelt | President of the United States, adopted the Roosevelt Corollary |
| Liliuokalani | Queen of the Hawaiian Islands, when she was deposed by those who sought annexation to the U.S. (1838-1917) |
| Morse | American artist, later invented the Morse code (1791-1872) |
| Fulton | built and sailed steam-engine powered Clermont, and another dozen similar steamships (1765-1815) |
| Robert Owen | wrote A New View of Society, established several utopian communities, welsh manufacturer, set up innovative social and industrial welfare programs, including housing and schools for young children |
| Robert Dale Owen | U.S. social reformer, Representative in the U.S. House of Representatives, introduced a bill establishing the Smithsonian Institution, U.S. minister to Italy |
| Friedrich Engels | socialist who worked with Karl Marx on his history of communism |
| Charles Darwin | English Botanist who developed the Theory of Evolution |
| Wilheim I | first emperor of a United Germany |
| Sun-yat-Sen | father of Chinese Nationalism |
Created by:
allinone