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Renaissance Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Renaissance | a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Florence in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe |
| Fresco | several related mural painting types, done on plaster on walls or ceilings |
| Vernacular | native language of a population located in a country or in a region defined on some other basis, such as a locality |
| Humanist | the approach in study, philosophy, or practice that focuses on human values and concerns |
| Leonardo da Vinci | an Italian polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist and writer |
| Giotto di Bondone | an Italian painter & architect from Florence in the late Middle Ages, generally considered the first in a line of great artists who contributed to the Italian Renaissance |
| Dante Alighieri | commonly known as Dante; was an Italian poet of the Middle Ages |
| The Divine Comedy | an epic poem written by Dante, widely considered the preeminent work of Italian literature, imaginative and allegorical vision of the afterlife |
| Francesco Petrarch | Italian scholar, poet and one of the earliest Renaissances writers; often called the "Father of Humanism" |
| The Courtier | courtesy book that was written by Baldassare Castiglione; addresses the constitution of a perfect courtier and a perfect lady |
| Quattrocento | Italian word for the 1400’s |
| Perspective | the graphic arts, such as drawing, is an approximate representation, on a flat surface (such as paper), of an image as it is seen by the eye |
| Cosimo de Medici | the first of the Medici political dynasty, de facto rulers of Florence during much of the Italian Renaissance; also known as "Cosimo 'the Elder'" |
| Lorenzo de Medici | an Italian political leader and de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic, he was a diplomat, politician and patron of scholars, artists, & poets; his death marked the end of the Golden Age of Florence |
| Donatello | he is a famous early Renaissance Italian artist and sculptor from Florence; known for his work in bas-relief |
| Machiavelli | an Italian philosopher/writer, and is considered one of the main founders of modern political science. He was a diplomat, political philosopher, musician, and a playwright, but foremost, he was a civil servant of the Florentine Republic |
| The Prince | political treatise by the Italian public servant and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli. The Prince was one of the first works of modern philosophy, in which pragmatic ends, as opposed to teleological concepts, are the purpose |
| Michelangelo | an Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, poet, and engineer. Best known for painting the Sistine Chapel and his sculpture of David |
| Raphael | an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance, celebrated for the perfection and grace of his paintings and drawings. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period |
| The Last Supper | the last meal Jesus shared with his Twelve Apostles and disciples before his death. The Last Supper has been the subject of many paintings, of which that by Leonardo da Vinci is perhaps best known |
| Pieter Bruegel | a Netherlandish Renaissance painter and printmaker known for his landscapes and peasant scenes (Genre Painting) |
| Reformation | period in the 1500’s when many groups left the Catholic Church and formed their own Christian denominations |
| Counter Reformation | the reaction of the Catholic church in trying to stop the spread of the Reformation |
| Erasmus | gained fame throughout 16th-century Europe for his scholarly and popular writings, including pointed, witty criticisms of civil rulers, the clergy & religious superstition |
| Martin Luther | wrote the 95 Thesis; began the Protestant Reformation |
| Justification by Faith | a major belief of Martin Luther |
| Indulgences | a way to “buy your way out of sin”; big money maker for the Catholic Church |
| 95 Theses | Martin Luther’s protest document |
| Diet of Worms | Luther convicted of heresy; excommunicated |
| John Calvin | spread Protestant ideas across much of central Europe |
| The Church of England | church established by Henry VIII when he left the Catholic Church |
| Act of Supremacy | made the English monarch the head of the English Church |
| John Knox | spread Protestant ideals to Scotland |
| Protestants | word for group who “Protested” the power and beliefs of the Catholic Church |
| Ignatius Loyola | founder of the Jesuits who helped begin the Catholic or “Counter” |
| Jesuits | strict order of Catholic Monks. Helped stop the spread of the Protestant |
| Council of Trent | a meeting held between leading Catholic Cardinals to determine how to stop the spread of the Protestant Reformation |
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allinone