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Middle Ages

Middle Ages Key Terms

TermDefinition
Dark Ages 500 to 1000 in Western Europe where all previous knowledge was lost
Medieval Latin for “middle”
Clovis Frankish barbarian king in the late 400s who converted to Christianity
Benedict wrote rules for living in monasteries; later “St. Benedict”
Gregory I powerful Pope in the late 500s who worked to convert kings to Christianity
Knight lowest level of the aristocracy; devoted life to war
Count generally one of the Kings lesser “vassals”
Franks largest of the barbarian kingdoms after the fall of the Roman empire
Pepin the Short son of Charles Martel; first Carolingian king
Papal States land around Rome that was under direct rule of the Pope
Charlemagne greatest dark age king; briefly united western Europe in the 800s
Treaty of Verdun divided western Europe into three zones; Charlemagne's grandsons
Vikings invaded France and England in the 900s. Settled in France.
Scandinavia original home of the Vikings
Eric the Red leader of the early Vikings
Leif Ericson Viking leader who sailed to the North American continent
Feudalism political and social structure of the Middle Ages; based on land ownership
Lord largest landowner in the Middle Ages. Usually the King.
Vassal one who received land from a King.
Investiture ceremony where the king gave land to a vassal.
Fief the actual land given to a vassal.
Manor the house, church, and village on a piece of land.
Serf a farmer who “belonged” to the land of a fief.
Fallow to “not” farm a piece of land.
Three--field system advancement in the middle ages on farms; increased crops.
Middle class level of society that began to develop in Europe after the 1200s.
Bourgeoisie the middle class of the high middle ages
Fair events held in the new towns to buy and sell goods
Guild organizations of workers in the same occupation
Apprentice a person being trained in a specific occupation
Charter a legal grant from the king granting a city its independence
Cardinal major and powerful church official
Lay investiture the act of a non-church official naming Bishops in certain areas
Canon law church or religious law
Tithe income set aside to be donated to the church
Heresy acting or promoting acts or beliefs contrary to that of the Church
Friar a monk who tended to live amongst the peasants of a town
Romanesque flat stone architecture of the middle ages
Henry IV German prince who favored lay investiture
Gregory VII Pope who excommunicated Henry IV
Concordat of Worms agreement to end the practice of lay investiture
Inquisition church court that tried people accused of heresy
Common law English law based on precedents
Battle of Hastings William of Normandy conquers England
Hugh Capet French king that stabilizes France in the 1300s
Otto the Great power German King who tried to take over the Christian Church
Holy Roman Empire loose union of Germanic kingdoms under one powerful ruler
Frederick Barbarossa German King who fought in the third crusade.
Page a Knight's errand boy
Squire a Knight's assistant who took care of the horse.
Thomas Aquinas monk and scholar who tried to unite rational and religious thought
Crusade a series of wars began by Christian knights to take the holy land back from the Muslims
Jerusalem city in Palestine that was the main target of the Crusaders
Byzantine Empire weak Christian empire by the 1100s
Richard the Lionheart King of Enland who fought in the third crusade
Constantinople capital of the Byzantine Empire; sacked by western crusaders in the 1200s
Created by: allinone
 

 



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