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Question

1) Which major tissue type exhibits the shortening of its cells (i.e., contraction) as a major function?
A. Nervous
B. Muscle
C. Epithelial
D. Connective
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2) Which of the following tissue types are attached to a basal lamina or basement membrane?
A. Nervous
B. Muscle
C. Epithelial
D. Connective
E. Cartilaginous
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FINAL EXAM 1

QuestionAnswer
1) Which major tissue type exhibits the shortening of its cells (i.e., contraction) as a major function? A. Nervous B. Muscle C. Epithelial D. Connective B. Muscle
2) Which of the following tissue types are attached to a basal lamina or basement membrane? A. Nervous B. Muscle C. Epithelial D. Connective E. Cartilaginous C. Epithelial
3) Connective tissue serves to support and bind other tissues. Which of the following is NOT an example of connective tissue? A. Bone B. Cartilage C. Neurons D. Fat E. Blood C. Neurons
Which of the following characteristics would be true of an epithelium specialized for exchange by diffusion (e.g., a respiratory epithelium)? A. Thin with a relatively large surface area B. Thick with a relatively large surface area A. Thin with a relatively large surface area
5) In all animals, the largest percentage of the body's fluids are located in the: A. intracellular compartment. B. extracellular compartment. C. interstitial fluid. D. plasma. E. hemolymph. A. intracellular compartment.
In negative feedback, the variable being regulated is changed in the _______ direction, while in positive feedback the variable is changed in the ________ direction. A. same, opposite E. opposite, same E. opposite, same
7) In contrast to regulators, animals that are conformers: B. require large stores of ATP to maintain homeostasis. C. have a feature of their internal body composition that matches their external surroundings. C. have a feature of their internal body composition that matches their external surroundings.
8) In the blood clotting process, platelets arrive at the site of More platelets arrive at the site and secrete attractants to recruit more platelets. This is an example of: A. negative feedback. B. positive feedback. B. positive feedback.
9) Which of the following is not one of the four tissue types? A. Muscle B. Nervous C. Epithelial D. Connective E. Squamal E. Squamal
10) Which of the following lists the organization of a mammalian body from least to most complex? A. Tissue—cell—organ system—organ B. Organ system—organ—tissue—cell C. Cell—tissue—organ—organ system C. Cell—tissue—organ—organ system
11) An organ must contain at least: A. two different tissue types. B. two different cell types. C. all four of the tissue types. D. connective tissue. E. two different muscle types. A. two different tissue types.
12) The energy expenditure of a mammal at rest under controlled conditions is referred to as its A. basal metabolic rate. B. standardized metabolic rate. C. baseline metabolic rate. D. activated metabolic rate. E. total metabolic rate. A. basal metabolic rate.
13) All of the following are methods used to exchange heat with the environment except A. radiation. B. conduction. C. convection. D. evaporation. E. diffusion. E. diffusion.
uct tape is to its cardboard roll as the myelin sheath is to the A. dendrite. B. axon. C. soma. D. interneuron. B. axon.
17) The part of the axon closest to the cell body is the A. hillock. B. dendrite. C. soma. D. myelin sheath. E. nucleus. A. hillock.
18) You are out at night and hear a sound in the bushes. The electrical signal carrying this information to your brain is carried first by a A. sensory neuron. E. All of these choices are correct. A. sensory neuron.
19) What type of neuron is responsible for carrying electrical signals AWAY from the CNS to elicit a response in the body? A. sensory neuron B. motor neuron C. interneuron D. glial cell E. All of these choices are correct. B. motor neuron
20) In a reflex arc, the correct sequence of cell types through which an electrical signal would pass would be A. motor neuron  sensory neuron  interneuron in the PNS D. sensory neuron  interneuron in the CNS  motor neuron D. sensory neuron  interneuron in the CNS  motor neuron
22) The electrical difference across a neuronal membrane is measured in A. newtons. B. milliwatts. C. milliamperes. D. joules. E. millivolts. E. millivolts.
When the cell is NOT sending signals, the electrical difference between the inside and outside of a neuronal membrane is specifically referred to as the A. action potential. B. graded potential. C. resting potential. C. resting potential.
24) In a neuron at rest, the membrane is most permeable to A. potassium. B. sodium. C. chloride. D. calcium. E. magnesium. A. potassium.
25) The critical function of the sodium-potassium pump of neurons is to move A. Na+ and K+ into the cell. B. Na+ and K+ out of the cell. C. Na+ into the cell and K+ out of the cell. D. Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell. D. Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell.
26) When a neuron undergoes a change in membrane potential that is proportional to (i.e., varies depending on) the strength of the stimulus given to that neuron, this is referred to as a/an A. equilibrium potential. E. graded potential. E. graded potential.
27) The period following an action potential during which a neuron cannot be stimulated to generate another action potential is referred to as A. the refractory period. B. the threshold period. C. the resting period. A. the refractory period.
28) Saltatory conduction is a term applied to the "jumping" movement of action potentials A. across electrical synapses. B. along the postsynaptic membrane from dendrite to axon hillock. E. along myelinated axons. E. along myelinated axons.
30) Synaptic vesicles discharge their contents by exocytosis at the A. dendrite. B. axon hillock. C. nodes of Ranvier. D. postsynaptic membrane. E. presynaptic membrane. E. presynaptic membrane.
31) An excitatory neurotransmitter will produce an ______ that will ____ the postsynaptic neuron. A. EPSP, depolarize B. EPSP, hyperpolarize C. IPSP, depolarize D. IPSP, hyperpolarize E. IPSP, not affect A. EPSP, depolarize
32) The ion that increases its intracellular concentration in order to trigger the release of neurotransmitters is _____. A. Ca2+ B. Mg2+ C. HCO3- D. K+ E. Cl- A. Ca2+
33) The neurotransmitter released at neuromuscular junctions (where the neuron meets skeletal muscle) in vertebrates is A. acetylcholine. B. serotonin. C. epinephrine. D. GABA. E. endorphin. A. acetylcholine.
35) The multi-purpose fluid that bathes the the central nervous system is called the A. cerebrospinal fluid. B. interstitial fluid. C. lymph. D. blood. E. arachnoid fluid. A. cerebrospinal fluid.
36) Where does perception of sensory stimuli occur? A. in all receptors B. in highly specialized receptors like hair cells C. at synapses in the peripheral nervous system D. only in the central nervous system D. only in the central nervous system
37) The receptor potential is most accurately described as A. the membrane potential produced when a neurotransmitter molecule binds to its receptor. B. the membrane potential produced in the receptor cell by sensory transduction. B. the membrane potential produced in the receptor cell by sensory transduction.
39) Our ability to respond to moderate heat and cold is due to A. mechanoreceptors. B. thermoreceptors. C. nociceptors. D. electromagnetic receptors. E. chemoreceptors. B. thermoreceptors.
40) What is the difference between sensation and perception? A. Sensation is recognition of a perception. B. Perception is recognition of a sensation. C. Sensation sends action potentials to the CNS. D. Perception sends action potentials to the CNS B. Perception is recognition of a sensation.
41) Our sense of "fullness" after a big meal is due to A. stretch receptors. B. chemoreceptors. C. thermoreceptors. D. electromagnetic receptors. A. stretch receptors.
A student grabs a hand out from the teaacher and gets a painful paper cut. What type of receptor is responsible for this sensation? A. Mechanoreceptor B. Nociceptor C. Olfactory receptor D. Photoreceptor E. Thermoreceptor B. Nociceptor
Within the vestibular system of vertebrates, hair cells help detect movement when their cilia are bent by A. otoliths. B. statoliths. C. the tectorial membrane. D. the basilar membrane. E. gravity. A. otoliths.
45) Our sense of balance depends most directly on A. the vestibular system. B. the auditory system. C. mechanoreceptors in our hands and feet. D. the visual system. E. chemoreceptors in the environment. A. the vestibular system.
46) The tough outer covering of the eye is referred to as the A. pupil. B. retina. C. sclera. D. fovea. E. iris. C. sclera.
If you were building an eye to function primarily in low light, but preserve some ability to perceive color, you would construct it using A. all cones. B. all rods. C. mostly rods with some cones. D. mostly cones with some rods. C. mostly rods with some cones.
48) The neuronal pathways behind gustatory reception most closely parallel those of A. olfaction. B. vision. C. limb position. D. light touch. E. pain. A. olfaction.
49) Odor molecule receptors are located on the _____________ extending from olfactory receptor cells in the human nose. A. axon B. soma C. cilia D. synapse E. oligodendrocyte C. cilia
50) What are some of the disadvantages to having an exoskeleton? A. Vulnerability during molting B. Bulkiness reduces ability to move C. Vulnerability to dessication D. Bulkiness makes animal heavy A. Vulnerability during molting
52) The type of muscle that typically surrounds hollow tubes and organs like the stomach is A. smooth muscle. B. skeletal muscle. C. cardiac muscle. D. striated muscle. E. voluntary muscle. A. smooth muscle.
53) What structural component in skeletal and cardiac muscle conducts action potentials from the outer surface of the muscle fiber inside to the myofibrils? A. actin B. tropomyosin C. troponin D. transverse tubule E. None of these. D. transverse tubule
54) Each skeletal muscle cell constitutes a single A. motor unit. B. muscle fiber. C. sarcolemma. D. myofibril. E. sarcomere. B. muscle fiber.
The thick filament is composed almost entirely of _____ molecules. A. actin B. myosin C. troponin D. tropomyosin E. thrombin B. myosin
Release of cross-bridges depends most directly on A. calcium ions. B. potassium ions. C. adenosine diphosphate. D. adenosine triphosphate. E. creatine phosphate. D. adenosine triphosphate.
62) The primary reservoir for calcium that is released during excitation-contraction coupling in a skeletal muscle fiber is the A. sarcoplasmic reticulum. B. endoplasmic reticulum. C. transverse tubules. D. Golgi bodies. E. troponin. A. sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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