Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
EVR Final
Top Hat Q's + Essay Q's
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is not a method used to test predictions about climate change? | Create multiple life-size replicas of the planet earth with different CO2 levels and measure temperature changes over a period of several centuries |
| Human population growth rate underwent its greatest increase during what period of history? | The late 20th Century |
| Improved sanitation, an increased food supply and a control of disease spreading organisms has resulted in which of the following effects on human population? | Accelerated population growth rate |
| The carrying capacity of an environment represents: | The maximum number of a particular species that an environment can support |
| The human population growth is currently labeled as logistic growth curve. This type of growth curve is characterized as | an S-shaped curve that shows rapid growth |
| The human population of the US has grown over the last few hundred years for every reason except: | the age of first childbirth has increased |
| Correct steps of scientific method: | Observations hypothesis controlled experiment conclusions |
| A scientific hypothesis: | is really just an educated guess at the answer to a question |
| Based on her knowledge on the theory of gravity, a teacher walks into her science classroom and tells her students that if someone steps off the roof, they will fall to the ground. This is an example of: | deductive reasoning |
| Accuracy refers to the closeness of a measured value to a standard or known value. Precision refers to the closeness of two or more measurements to each other. | Think of accuracy of hitting a dart board around the center a bunch of times where precision is hitting the same spot again and again.A watch that is down to the millisecond but has the wrong time is precise but not accurate. |
| A group of individuals of the same species that live and interbreed in the same area are referred to as: | Population |
| Throughout history, human population: | mostly increased, but included some decreases most notably during the Black Death (bubonic plague) |
| Numerical data is called: | Quantitative data |
| A grand scheme that relates and explains many observations and is supported by a great deal of evidence is considered a scientific: | theory |
| According to the concept of the “demographic transition,” a population will go through a period of expansion, but later stabilize at: | at a population larger than before the transition, but with zero growth |
| In order to “think like a scientist” rather than “like a student,” you should: | be critical of what you read or hear |
| What is the term for two or more atoms bonded together? | Molecule |
| Which of these is a closed system? | Soda bottle |
| Nitrogen has a very high concentration in the atmosphere and is cycled very slowly into and out of the atmosphere. Water vapor has a lower concentration in the atmosphere and is cycled quite rapidly. What statement is true: | Nitrogen has a higher residence time in the atmosphere than water vapor |
| Increased solar radiation reaches the Earth’s surface and raises the ocean temperature. This results in more evaporation, which produces more clouds. The increased cloud cover reduces the amount of solar radiation that reaches the surface of the Earth. | A negative feedback |
| What happens when a population substantially exceeds its carrying capacity? | Overshoot and collapse |
| Which of the following is not a system response relationship? | Uniformitarianism |
| Do negative feedbacks lead to: | a stable system |
| If the Earth warms, ice over the ocean and land will melt, leading to less light reflected back into space, and a decreased albedo. Is this an example of: | A positive feedback on the Earth’s temperature |
| Does the gulf stream: | Transport warm water from equatorial regions towards the north pole |
| All forms of life on Earth are carbon-based, but scientists hypothesize that on a planet without carbon, another element could take its place. Which element? | Silica |
| Which statement about carbon is not true? | Carbon is strongly reducing (it really wants to steal electrons) |
| Which of the following is an example of a macromolecule? | Protein |
| The Earth's early atmosphere had very little oxygen. Which organisms led to the rise of an oxygenated atmosphere? | Prokaryotes |
| Residence time: the average length of time that a water molecule will spend in the drainage basin, What statement(s) are true about the residence time of water in a drainage basin- | Residence Time affects the lag time between when we stop polluting & when we see the full effect of our actions. A drainage basin that holds more water will have a longer residence time |
| Which of the following is/are an example of chemical weathering? | Slightly acidic rain dissolving olivine rock |
| Which of these reservoirs that is available to life contains the most carbon? | Marine dissolved molecules |
| How does nitrogen get transferred from the largest reservoir of nitrogen (that we’ve discussed) into the biosphere? | Nitrogen Fixation |
| Which of the following is NOT a way to reduce our need for newly mined phosphate? | flush used phosphorous fertilizer into waterways so that it does not inhibit the effectiveness of newly applied phosphorous |
| Systems may be open or closed. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding open systems? | In an open system, energy or material moves into or out of boundaries. The ocean is an open system with regard to water. |
| A tree farm that plants one new tree for each one that is logged would represent: | steady-state conditions |
| Which of the following set Earth apart from other planets in the solar system? | Earth is the only planet that has the combination of the four above characteristics |
| Which of the following is NOT a form of energy? | Waturstickan energy |
| Two atoms of the same element with different atomic weight are known as: | Isotopes |
| Which of these has the highest albedo? | Fresh snow |
| When a hurricane strikes a populated area, it does much more damage than when it strikes a less populated area. Is this an example of: | not a feedback |
| The thermohaline cycle is driven by: | Dense, sinking water |
| All ecosystems: | cycle chemical elements |
| Which organism in this food chain of a hot spring ecosystem in Yellowstone National Park is the autotroph? | Algae->Herbivorous flies->Killdeer bird->Grey wolves->Decomposing bacteria Algae |
| Which of the following changes to an ecosystem would lead to increased abundance of a top predator? | Increased primary production |
| Natural selection has four primary characteristics which include all of the following EXCEPT: | static (unchanging) traits |
| Which of the following is NOT an invasive species in Florida: | Great Blue Heron |
| Oil is usually found in which of the following situations: | Plate boundaries |
| Oil is: | organic matter transformed into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons |
| Which of the following geological processes initiates the chemical transformation of the sediment’s organic material into oil and gas? | Elevated temperatures and pressures |
| Oil production, refining, and transportation have been associated with all of the following environmental problems except: | acid mine drainage |
| The recovery of oil and gas by injecting large amounts of fluids under high pressure into a single well as the surrounding rock is broken up is called: | hydraulic fracturing |
| Climate is: | avg weather usually referring to avg weather conditions over long periods |
| Which of the following are indirect methods of estimating global temperature changes (can select more than one) | The Mg/Ca ratio of foraminifera in marine sediments, Isotopic changes in ice cores, Tree rings |
| The biggest oil spill in history was: | in the Gulf War (1991), Persian Gulf |
| A forest that has developed on a new lava flow is an example of: | Primary succession |
| Owls and hawks prey on similar animals, but hawks hunt by day and owls hunt at night. Is this an example of: | Niche Differentiation |
| Mutations may occur when an organism’s DNA is damaged by | radiation |
| Which of the following refers to the process by which an earlier-successional species changes the local environment in ways that make it suitable for another species? | Facilitation |
| Which of the following characteristics is known to make a species more vulnerable to extinction? | Lacking genetic variety |
| A utilitarian justification for the conservation of an endangered plant species is | the consideration that the endangered species may someday provide medicinal chemicals necessary to treat human disease |
| Oceans play an important role in climate because: | Two-thirds of the Earth is covered by water |
| Which statements are true about positive feedbacks (can choose more than one): | Positive feedbacks always amplify an initial change, Positive feedbacks always have a destabilizing effect on a system |
| What portions of the Earth system affect the global carbon cycle (can select more than one)? | Biosphere, Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere |
| When applied to climate change, the precautionary principle states: | :If we are uncertain about the potentially catastrophic impacts of climate change, it is wise to curb our CO2 emissions |
| An explanation for a natural phenomenon that relates and explains many observations and is supported by a great deal of evidence is called a: | theory |
| Highest Albedo? | Fresh Snow |
| When old-growth forests are harvested it may take hundreds of years for the forest to restore itself. This period is known as: | lag time |
| A forest that has developed on a new lava flow is an example of: | Primary Succession |
| Which of the following statements is true about Northern Hemisphere Summer? | The northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun |
| premise: a straight line is the shortest distance between 2 points premise: the line from A to B is the shortest distance between points A and B conclusion: therefore, the line from A to B is a straight line This is: | deductive reasoning |
| The rock cycle: | consists of numerous processes that produce rocks and soils and depends on the tectonic and hydrologic cycle |
| Mathematical models such as global circulation models (GCMs) are used to: | monitor atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations |
| Scientists have adopted the Scientific Method as their standard procedure for answering questions about natural phenomena. They have relied on this technique because: | following a standardized procedure allows a scientist to compare his/her data with the results of other scientists |
| What type of energy is visible light? | Electromagnetic Energy |
| Hurricanes are fueled by: | hot, moist air |
| Oil is usually found in which of the following situations? | a coarse and porous reservoir rock, overlain by an impermeable cap rock |
| What ultimately drives atmospheric circulation? | Differential heating of the Earth's surface that leads to areas or hot rising and cold cooling air |
| which of the following is usually associated with the most intense disruption of the surface environment? | Strip Mining |
| Oil is: | organic matter transformed into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons |
| the number of species in a given habitat is affected by which of the following? | latitude, elevation, topography, severity of the environment |
| If 10 kg of CO2 are added to the atmosphere and 1 kg of methane is added to the atmosphere, what can we say about the relative impact of each on climate change over a 10 year time horizon and over a 1000 year time horizon? | Methane will have a greater impact on the 10 year time horizon, but CO2 will have a greater impact on the 1000 year time horizon |
| Simply stated, environmental unity means: | many aspects of the natural environment are closely linked such that changes in one part of a system affect other parts of the system |
| The following are all greenhouse gases that have increased in the troposphere due to human actions expect | Nitrogen |
| The human population of the United States has increased over the last few hundred years due to all of the following reasons except | the age of first childbirth has increased |
| Two basic kinds of processes must occur in an ecosystem: | : a cycling of chemical elements and a flow of energy |
| Biologically speaking, where a species lives is its ___ , but what it does for a living is its ___ | habitat / ecological niche |
| What pieces of evidence tell us that CO2 increasing in the atmosphere is the result of burning fossil fuels | Radioactive 14C concentrations of atmospheric CO2 show a fossil fuel signature |
| The moratorium on commercial whaling | has allowed many populations of whales to recover |
| All of the following correctly describe fossil fuels except | it is a renewable resource |
| Which of the following is NOT an approach used by scientists to estimate the climate sensitivity (the total impact of all positive and negative feedbacks) to radiative forcing by carbon dioxide | Measuring the isotopic signature of modern carbon dioxide |
| Which of the following is NOT a key property of a population? | Maximum lifetime |
| The simplest and least controversial means of slowing population growth is | delaying first childbearing |
| The tendency for organisms, which possess favorable adaptations to a particular environment, to survive and leave descendants that form a larger proportion of the next generation is termed | natural selection |
| Blackbody radiation theory suggests that if any planet heats up it will emit more energy from itself and thus decreasing future heat increase, is this | a negative feedback |
| Which of the following is not a key theme of environmental science? | Ecosystem nutrient cycling |
| When an animal digests food and then starts running they are: | Converting chemical energy to kinetic energy |
| Which of the following is NOT a suitable reason for valuing biodiversity? | Theological beliefs |
| Which of the following statements is true about oceanic circulation? | It transports heat from the poles to the equator |
| weigh flour on a scale to find out how much you need cause recipe need exactly 105.00 grams. Yesterday the scale fell from the counter onto the floor and is now off by 10.25 grams. Will the measurement of your flour be both precise and accurate? | The measurement will be precise because it gives an answer that is a specific number of digits that makes it closest as possible; however, it won't be accurate because the number is going to be wrong by 10.25 grams every time. |
| For the past century, the Earth's radiative budget has been unbalanced (more energy entering than leaving the Earth). Where has most of this heat energy gone? | Most of the heat is being absorbed by the greenhouse gases. They absorb long wave radiation, which is the heat that is given off the earth |
| Why is the sulfur content of coal of so much environmental concern? | Because when we burn coal the sulfur is released into the atmosphere and is very harmful to our environment. |
| Explain how oil is recovered from tar sands? | The sand is mined up, washed out with hot water. |
| What is the fundamental feedback on the temperature of all objects (including Earth) in the solar system? | Black‐body radiation: when objects warm a little they radiate far more energy |
| Next to water, what is the most abundant fluid in the upper part of the earth's crust? | Crude oil |
| How does the total fertility rate (TFR) affect the population growth of a nation? | The higher the TFR, the faster faster the population growth |
| How can scientists estimate climate change over the past 100,000 years? | We can tell indirectly from sediments and deposits laid down during these periods. |
| How do we know that Milankovitch cycles (that likely caused the glacier advance and retreat during the ice age) are not responsible for global temperature increases over the past 100 years. | They cause the seasons not the temperature to change? |
| Name an invasive species in Florida | Burmese python |
| According to island biogeography, name one factor that could lead to greater increase within a preserve? | Distance to island |
| Owls and hawks prey on similar animals, but hawks hung by day and owls hunt by night. What ecological principle is this an example of: | Niche differentiation |
| The early atmosphere of the Earth had very little oxygen. Which organisms led to the rise of an oxygenated atmosphere? | Cyanobacteria or blue-green algae |
Created by:
1754154874597232