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APBiology
Finals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is locus? | the precise location of a gene on a chromosome |
| In a diploid cell containing 40 chromosomes, meiosis results in the formation of four daughter cells each containing _______ chromosomes. | 20 |
| Crossing over occurs during ______. | Prophase 1 |
| Nearly all life cycles have both haploid and diploid phases. Usually, the transition from haploid to diploid takes place ______. | at fertilization, when gametes fuse |
| What is the end result when a diploid cell undergoes meiosis? | four haploid cells |
| During anaphase 1, ________. | homologous chromosomes separate and migrate toward opposite poles. |
| Regions of chromosomes where nonsister chromatids cross over are called ____. | chiasmata |
| Which of the following does NOT contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing species? | binary fission |
| Why do polar bodies form? | they allow a reduction in chromosomes while preserving all the food for one egg. |
| Chromosomes that are NOT identified as sex chromosomes are called ... | autosomes |
| Sister chromatids | created when DNA is replicated have matching copies of DNA are separated during metaphase |
| A cell entering the cell cycle with 24 chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each with ... | during the S phase of interphase |
| The nuclear membrane re-forms during ... | telophase |
| The phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes move toward separate poles of the cell is ______. | anaphase |
| What represents a mismatch or incorrect description? | anaphase: there is a movement of the chromosomes toward the center of the cell |
| Put in order : metaphase , telophase , prophase , anaphase | prophase , metaphase , anaphase , telophase |
| In animal cells mitosis, the cleavage furrows form during _____. | cytokinesis |
| Unusual growth of cells that does NOT pose a threat to surrounding tissues are termed ... | benign |
| Observerations of cancer cells in culture support the hypothesis that cancer cells .... | do not exhibit anchorage dependence |
| What is indicated when a single-character testcross yields offspring that all hce the dominant phenotype? | the parent with the dominant phenotype was homozygous |
| The F1 generation differed from the F2 in Mendel's experiments in that _______. | all of the F1 showed the dominant phenotype, whereas only 3/4 of the F2 did |
| In a certain plant, the alleles A,B and C are completely dominant to alleles a, b, and c. A plant with the genotype AABbcc will have the same phenotype as a plant with genotype | AaBBcc |
| A man who has type B blood and a woman who has type A blood could have children which one is following phenotypes? | A, B, AB , or O |
| An individual with the genotype AaBbCcDD can make how many different kinds of gametes? | 8 |
| A red bull is crossed with a white cow and all of the offspring are roan, an intermediate color that is caused by the presence of both red and white hairs. This is an example of genes that are ______. | codominant |
| Flower color is incomplete dominance. Red-flowered plant (RR) is crossed with a white-flowered plant (WW), the F1 generation has pink flowers (RW). If a pink-flowered plant is crossed with another pink-flowered plant, the next generation plant will be | 25% red, 50% pink, 25% white |
| One gene pair will interact to control the second gene pair (Ex. albinism and coat color in mice). In this case, the genotype for the first gene can completely obscure the genotype at the second gene. This type of gene interaction is called _____. | epistasis |
| Michelle and Keith are apparently normal, but their daughter was born with alkaptonuria, an inherited metabolic disorder. If alkaptonuria is like most other human hereditary disorders, the probablity of their next child being born with alkaptonuria is | 1/4 |
| it is far more common to find human genetic disease caused by _____ alleles than by _____ alleles because ________. | recessive . . . dominant . . . harmful recessive alleles can survive in the heterozygote without any selection pressure against them |
| If two genes are linked, __________. | they are on the same chromosome |
| The recombination frequency between two gene loci is ______. | greater as the distance between the two loci increases |
| Linked genes can be separated by anywhere from ______ to _____ centimorgans. | ( 0 - 50 ) |
| In a X-linked, or sex-linked, trait, it is the contribution of ____ that determines whether a son will display the trait. | the mother |
| Hemophilia is a sex-linked disorder. The daughter of a father with hemophilia and a carrier mother has a ___________ probability of having hemophilia. | 50% |
| Men have it all over their bodies, women expressed it differently. Women will have small patches of skin with sweat glands, and other patches without sweat glands. In women, the pattern of sweat glands distribution can best be explained by ____. | X chromosomes inactivation |
| With a microscope, you examine some somatic cells from a woman and notice that each nucleus has 2 Barr Bodies, What can you infer about the sex chromosomes in this individual? | She is XXX |
| Gene A is normally found on chromosome number 15 in humans. If amniocentesis reveals fetal cells containing gene A on chromosome 17, but not on 15, the best explanation would be that _____. | translocation occurred |
| It is proposed that a certain disorder affecting the inner ear is caused by mitochondrial DNA, Which one follows the observation most decisive evidence AGAINST this idea? | fathers with the disorder pass it onto all their children, but mothers with this disorder DO NOT pass it along |
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