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DNA replication quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the three parts of a nucleotide? | phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, nitrogen containing base |
| what kind of sugar is found in a nucleotide? | deoxyribose sugar |
| what nucleotide contains nitrogen? | nitrogen containing base |
| name the 4 nitrogen bases | adedine,thymine,,guanine,cytosine |
| what parts of the nucleotides make up the rungs of the ladder? | nitrogen containing base |
| what parts of the nucleotide make up the sides (backbone) of the ladder? | phosphate, deoxyribose sugar |
| how many hydrogen bonds exisist between adedenine and thymine? | 2 |
| how many hydrogen bonds exisist between cytosine and guanine ? | 3 |
| what do the strands of the DNA form? | double helix |
| what is the rule used to join the free nucleotides to the exposed bases of the DNA? | complementary base-pair rule |
| why is DNA semi-conservative? | after the helix splits one original strand is kept and another new strand is replaced |
| mistakes in DNA strands lead to _____ | mutations |
| how does a semi conservative replication help prevent mutations during DNA replication? | if half of it was original , you have a better chance of it copying correctly |
| what is the "twisted ladder" shape called? | double helix |
| DNA is a ______ | polymer |
| what are the monomers/bulding blocks of DNA? | nucleotides? |
| DNA strands compliment eachoher. This means.... | they are not identical |
| Are DNA strands parallel? | no; they are antiparallell |
| what does DNA strands are "antiparallel" mean | they dont go in the actually same direction |
| what is the DNA polymerase? | "the builder"-replicates DNA molecules to build a new strand of DNA. |
| what is the function of DNA polymerase 1 & 2? | are involved in DNA repairing and proofreading |
| what is the function of DNA polymerase 3? | builds new DNA strands |
| what is the function of DNA polymerase 1 | it could build and refix the holes or gaps and could proofread and fix anything wrong and check for mutation |
| primase | makes the primer so that the DNA polymerase can figure out where to go to start to work. |
| what is the function of ligase? | "the gluer" that helps glue DNA fragments together |
| DNA _____ is the last enzyme | ligase |
| DNA starts at the _____ | origin |
| what is the gyrase function? | unwinds the helix |
| what is the single stranded binding protiens function? | prevents the hyrdrogen bonds from reforming (keeps the strands separated) |
| when would you need to make an exact copy of DNA? | before the cell divides |
| what is the first step to cell replication? | gyrase undwinds the helix |
| what is the 2nd step to cell replication | the helicase unzips the helix |
| what is the third step to cell replication | the Single Stranded binding protiuens bind to the DNA strands and keeps the DNA from being seperated |
| what is the 4th step to cell relication | primase omes in and makes RNA primers on both strands for DNA polymerse guidance |
| what is the 5th step to cell relication | DNA polymerse buids new strands |
| what way does the leading strand move? Its built in one... | 5'[3 (quick) fragment |
| what way does the lagging strand move? | 3'5 (requires a slight delay) |
| What strand is built in many fragments, and a building block for DNA synthesis together thry form short double stranded DNA sections. | ozaaki fragment |
| replication occurs during the ____ (when cells are growing) | interphase |
| can cells replicate and divide at the same time? | no; too much multitasking |
| what is the importance of DNA replication? | creates a next copy of DNA that have to go into oe of the two new daughter cells when a cell divides. |
| Without DNA replication what would happen? | lacks heredity fabric so it wont have the instructions for the protiens to function correctly in the body |
| What is DNA? | molecule that carres the genetic instructions used in growth, development, and reproduction of all known living organisms. |
| Who came upwith the base pairing rule? | Elwin Chargraff |
Created by:
17shobart