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Cell Transport Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what substances are transported via exosytosis? | hormones, cellulose (cell wall),cellular waste, neutrotransmitters like serotonin |
| Factors that can affect the rate/ speed of diffusion | temperature, size of molecule, concentration gradient |
| process in which phagocytes engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris | phagocytosis |
| what is the diffusion of water? | osmosis |
| what is facilitated diffusion? | diffusion with the help of a carrier/transport protien |
| An example of a substance that uses facilitated diffusion to enter the cell. | glucose amino acid sugars |
| movement of molecules from high concentration to low | diffusion |
| what is active transport? | the movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy |
| what are phospholipids? | the molecules that make up the cell membrane |
| what is dynamic equilibrium? | continuous movement of molecules but no overall change in |
| plasmolysis | When the cell membrane peels away from the cell wall of a plant cell. |
| part of the cell that controls what enters and leaves | cell membrane |
| cell in a hypertonic solution Anything dissolved in a solvent like salt, sugar, nutrients | solute |
| what do membranes consist of? | phospholipids, and proteins |
| the fatty acid tails of a phospholipid are ____ making them ____ to water | nonpolar,hydrophobic |
| the phosphate head is ____ making it _____ | polar,hydrophillic |
| the partially hydrophilic, partially hydrophobic phospholipid forms a ____ | bailar |
| fatty acids are on the ____ | inside |
| phosphate groups are both on the _____ of the bailar | surfaces |
| phospholipid bailors are ____ | fluid |
| ____ _____ of water holds the two layers together | hydrogen bonding |
| individual phospholipids and unchored protiens can ____/___ through the membrane | move/flow |
| the movement of molecules through the membrane that requires no energy | passive transport |
| The difference in concentration (of a solute) across a space/ membrane | concentration gradient |
| what is diffusion? | movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration |
| channel protiens have a ____ ____ allowing polar molecules to pass through | polar interior |
| carrier protiens bind to _____ ______to facilitate its passage | specific molecule |
| what proteins make the cell membrane selectively permeable? | transport proteins |
| what proteins are used in intercellular communication | receptor proteins |
| what proteins serve to identify the cell? | marker protiens |
| what do channel proteins provide? | provide the openings through which small dissolved particles, especially ions diffuse by passive transport |
| why do molecules move along the cell membrane? | to maintain homeostasis |
| layers of phospholipids or called plasma membrane | phospholipid bailor |
| cell membranes have holes to allow what type of molecules to pass through? | polar |
| water and ____ are polar molecules | carbohydrates |
| a concentration gradient is a difference in concentration of the ____ within a solution | solute |
| transport proteins are ____ they select only certain ___ to cross the _____ | specific, molecules,membrane |
| which protein helps larger molecules pass through like monosaccharides, and amino acids? | transport protiens |
| water moves from an area of _____ _____ to an area of ______ _____ | high solute,low solute |
| solute is too ___ to move across | large |
| in a hypotonic solution the cellular enviorment has a ___ solute concentration than ___ ___ ___ | lower, inside of the cell |
| in a hypertonic solution the solute concentration is ____ n the cellular enviorment and ____ inside of the cell | higher,lower |
| what is an isotonic solution? | the concentration of solutes is the same inside of the cell than outside of the cell |
| what is the result of an isotonic solution? | water moves equally in both directions, so the cell remains the same size |
| what way do molecules in active transport move? | low to high (against the concentration gradient) |
| active transport requires the use of a ___ ___ | carrier protein |
| What are the two types of Active transport | Bulk, Sodium Potassium Pump |
| what do protein pumps do? | transport proteins that require energy to work |
| what are the 3 processes that rely on active transpor pumps? | nerve impulses, muscle cell contractions, getting the remaining glucose into cells after equilibrium has been reached |
| in which direction do protein pumps move molecules? | against the concentration gradient |
| What is the sodium potassium pump important to? | nerve and muscle impulses |
| what changes shape to move molecules? what does it require? | carrier protein, ATP energy |
| sodium potassium pumps move ___ into the cell and ___ out of the cell | sodium, potassium |
| what is endocytosis? | movement of substances into a cell |
| give 3 reasons why a cell would use endocytosis | 1.White Blood Cells engulfing bacteria 2.cell bringing in hormones 3.bringing in nutrients dissolved in fluids |
| the cell take IN particle matter | phagocytosis |
| the cell takes IN only fluid | pinocytosis |
| what is receptor mediated endosytosis? | when certain molecules are taken in after they bind to a receptor |
| exosytosis | occurs when material is discharched from a cell |
| during exosytosis ____ in the cytoplasm fuse with the ___ ____ and release their contents to the exterior of the cell | vesicles, plasma membrane |
| exosytosis is used in plants to export cell ____ material, and is used in animal cells to secrete ___, neutrotransmitters, and digestive _____ | wall, hormines,enzymes |
| bacteria and plants have ____ _____ that prevent them from over expanding. In plants the pressure exerted on the cell wall is called _____ _____ | cell walls, turgor pressure |
| why do molecules diffuse? | In response to the concentration gradient to try to establish equilibreuim. |
| what is a glycoprotein, and glycolipid important to? | cell identification |
| why are the tails of phospholipids hydrophobic? | because the are fatty acids and they dont mix with water |
| can a cell control the movement of water, O2, and CO2 | No |
| why do human cells explode in a hypotonic solution but plant/bacteria cells dont? | because plant cells have a cell wall, humans dont |
| What is the net movement of water? | more molecules will flow towards low concentration, but some may move/leak back. So there is a NET flow towards the low concentration side. |
| give 3 examples of substances/material etc. that use RME | 1.bringing in hormones 2.bringing in cholesterol 3.serotonin receptors |
| a phospholipid covered sac that carries materials to and from the membrane during endo and exosytosis | vesicle |
| how does cystic fibrosis relate to cellular transport? | a disruption in the protein that transports chloride ions out of the cell and prevents the uptake of water into the cell leads to extra mucous in the respitory tract |
| how does plasmolysis relate to cellular transport? | when a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, and water leaves the cell, the cell membrane may peel away from the cell wall as the cell shrinks. |
Created by:
17shobart