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GLG 101 Quiz
Geology Final Quiz Prep
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Velocity of a stream is greatest _____. | * Just below the surface in the middle of the channel |
| As stream discharge increases, velocity _____. | * Increases |
| Stream load consists of _____. | * bed load, suspended load, and dissolved load |
| The maximum particle size that a stream is capable of transporting is _____. | * Competence |
| An oxbow lake is _____. | * an abandoned meander still holding water |
| The lowest level to which a stream may erode is called _____. | * Base level |
| Lateral erosion results in _____. * a floodplain * valley widening * undercutting and subsequent failure of the valley walls | * All of the above |
| Evidence of former floodplains on a downcutting stream is/are _____. | * Stream terraces |
| The future of the Mississippi River channel is _____. | * a shift to the course of the current Atchafalaya River |
| All the following are characteristics of a stream on a broad floodplain, except _____. | * rapids |
| Stream lengthening upslope at the valley head is called _____. | * Headward erosion |
| Water gaps in the Appalachian Mountains are caused by _____. | * Stream erosion through folded terrain by superposed streams |
| Urbanization _____. | * Increases the likelihood of flash flooding |
| Flooding occurs _____. | * When discharge exceeds the channel capacity |
| A stream pattern on granitic terrain is _____. | * Dendritic |
| The level below which the soil and rock are saturated with water is called _____. | * The water table |
| Of all the repositories of fresh water in the hydrosphere, the smallest is _____. | * River water |
| Groundwater flows _____. | * Perpendicular to the contours of the water table |
| Which of the following has the least permeability? | * Shale |
| A rock unit that transmits groundwater is called a/an _____. | * Aquifer |
| Low pressure experienced where a gaining stream exists, causes | * Groundwater to follow curved paths |
| When pumping at a well exceeds recharge | * a cone of depression forms * well may go dry |
| A well in which the water rises naturally above the aquifer is a/an _________ well. | * artesian |
| Correction of potential saltwater contamination of groundwater can be accomplished by | * collecting surface runoff into basins which allow seeping into the groundwater |
| Which common, rock-forming mineral or mineral group is most readily dissolved by groundwater? | * calcite |
| Which of the following is not a general characteristic of groundwater? | * rarely contains dissolved constituents |
| A ________ is an icicle-like speleothem that grows down from the roof of a cavern. | * stalactite |
| The hot spring deposits at Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, are travertine. What rock probably lies somewhere beneath the hot springs? | * limestone |
| A lens of fresh groundwater in an unconfined aquifer overlies deeper, salty groundwater. If the water table drops by one foot, how far will the interface between the freshwater and salty water rise? | * 40 feet |
| Which of the following can logically be concluded by speleothems/dripstone hanging from a cave roof? | * The cave roof was above the water table when the speleothems formed. |
| The ________ is not the name of a Pleistocene glacial episode in North America. | * Dakotan |
| Which of the following applies to a valley glacier that lengthens (extends its terminus downslope) over a period of many years? | * Accumulation exceeds wastage. |
| ________are depositional features produced by valley or alpine glaciers. | * Moraines |
| A granular phase between snow and glacial ice is called _____. | * firn |
| Which of the following may provide clues to the direction in which glacial ice flowed? | * glacial striations |
| If the Antarctic Ice Sheet completely melted, sea level would rise _____. | *60-70 meters |
| Movement over irregular terrain will result in the formation of ______ in the uppermost zone of a glacier. | * crevasses |
| Stream valleys through which a glacier has moved are _____. | * straighter and U-shaped |
| In glaciated areas, waterfalls often mark the existence of _____. | * hanging valleys |
| During the last Ice Age, pluvial lakes formed abundantly _____. | * in intermountain basins of the American Southwest |
| Permanent streams in arid deserts _____. | * result from streams originating outside the desert in areas of high water supply |
| Internal drainage results in the _____. | * formation of thick salt deposits |
| Late stage Basin and Range landscapes are characterized by all the following except _____. | * individual alluvial fans |
| Coalescing alluvial fans form a _____. | * bajada |
| Most dry lands lie between _________ degrees north and south of the equator. | * 20 and 30 |
| A _________ is an intermittent stream channel in the dry land areas of the western United States. | * wash |
| Which of the following is determined by the angle of repose for dry sand? | * inclination angle of a dune slip face |
| Loess deposits in the central United States _____. | * originated as rock flour in Pleistocene glacial streams and rivers |
| A _________ forms by abrasion by windblown sand. | * ventifact |
| In areas of abundant sand and steady winds ______ dunes form. | * transverse |
| The characteristics of offshore waves depend on all the following except _____. | * water depth |
| In waves, the water particles move _____. | * in relatively stationary circular paths |
| As water depth decreases _____. | * wave height increases |
| Beach drift is the result of _____. | * waves striking the shoreline at an angle |
| An emergent coastline is characterized by _____. | * marine terraces |
| An island may be connected to the mainland by a sandy _____. | * tombolo |
| A stable shoreline will tend to become _____. | * straighter |
| Emergent coastlines of Scandinavia and the Hudson Bay region of Canada result from which of the following? | * the rate of glacial rebound exceeds the rate of sea level rise |
| Water is involved in wave motion to a depth of approximately _____. | * one half wave length |
| When a groin is built _____. | * beaches upcurrent from the structure are replenished |
| Which one of the following statements regarding rock deformation and strength is correct? | * Brittle and ductile deformation occur when stresses exceed the elastic limit of a material. |
| A reverse fault is one in which _____. | * the hanging wall has moved up relative to the footwall. |
| Horizontally directed, compressive stress will result in ________ within a sequence of flat-lying sedimentary rocks. | * folding |
| Which of the following is not true of an anticline? | * When eroded, the youngest rocks are exposed in the center. |
| A circular outcrop pattern with the youngest rocks in the center is a _____. | * structural basin |
| As faults move, they crush and pulverize the rocks on the opposing blocks. This ground up rock is called _____. | * fault gouge |
| The Black Hills of South Dakota are formed on _____. | * an eroded structural dome with a core of crystalline rocks |
| Which of the following are not joints? | * Fractures formed by tensional stress and in which one side has moved up relative to the other. |
| Which of the following would not be a characteristic of the San Andreas fault zone? | * steep, near vertical, dip-slip fault scarps |
| The most common type of faulting associated with convergent boundaries is _____. | * thrust faulting |
| The point at which an earthquake originates is called the _____. | * focus |
| Which of the following is correct? | * P waves travel through liquids, but S waves do not. |
| An earthquake occurs when _____. | * strain builds up and is released in elastic rebound |
| A minimum of ____ seismic stations is necessary to locate the source of an earthquake. | * 3 |
| The most damaging earthquakes _____. | * are shallow focus |
| Why was the Marina District, San Francisco, heavily damaged in the 1906 and 1989 quakes? | * Liquefaction and foundation failures were common. |
| On the Richter Scale, a magnitude 6 earthquake has ____ times more energy than a magnitude 5. | * 32 |
| The _______ Intensity Scale is a measure of the damage and effects caused by an earthquake. | * Mercalli |
| Seismic gaps are _____. | * unusually quiet zones along known active faults |
| Which of the following is not a possible effect of an earthquake? | * hydrolysis |
| The complete picture of the composition and layers of the Earth's interior has been determined by _____. | * the study of the behavior of seismic waves |
| Seismic waves will ___________ when they encounter plastic material. | * slow down |
| The thickest continental crust is found | * under mountain ranges |
| The inner core is ______; while the outer core is _______. | * solid; liquid |
| The _______ of the Earth does not transmit S waves. | * outer core |
| The _______ is the seismic discontinuity that forms the boundary between the crust and the mantle. | * Moho |
| The _______ of the Earth did not exist early in Earth's history. | * inner core |
| The upper mantle is probably the rock _________. | * peridotite |
| The profile of Earth's temperature with depth is the _____. | * geothermal gradient |
| The Earth's magnetic field originates by __________. | * weak electrical currents associated with fluid motions in the outer core |
| Which of the following paleoclimatic evidence supports the idea of the late Paleozoic super continent in the Southern Hemisphere? | * glacial deposits in South Africa and South America |
| The late Paleozoic super continent that began to break up about 180 million years ago is called _____. | * Pangaea |
| A results from mantle plumes created by a long-lived magma source located deep in the mantle. | * hot spot |
| Which of the following is thought to drive the motions of the Earth's crustal plates? | * convection cells within the mantle |
| The continental drift hypothesis was initially rejected primarily because Alfred Wegener could not _____. | * identify a mechanism capable of moving continents |
| Which of the following statements is true about apparent polar wandering? | * The continents have changed position relative to the poles. |
| Which of the following is not evidence that the seafloors are spreading? | * Thick ocean sediments at the rifts, thinning away from the rifts. |
| Transform fault boundaries are _____. | * boundaries where plates are sliding horizontally past one another |
| On average, lithospheric plates are _____ thick. | * 100 kilometers |
| The Hawaiian Islands are _____. | * youngest in the east and progressively older to the west |
| Geologically, ________ are actually submerged parts of the continents. | * continental shelves |
| The source of sediments making up the continental rise is/are _____. | * turbidity currents depositing deep-sea fans |
| "Black smokers" are associated with _____. | * All of the above |
| ___________ are not associated with a mid-ocean ridge. | * Deep ocean trenches |
| Spreading rates of 1 to 5 _____per year are common along the Mid-Atlantic and the Mid-Indian ridges. | * centimeters |
| All of the following are layers that comprise oceanic crust except _____. | * turbidites |
| Magma at the mid-ocean ridge is the result of _____. | * partial melting of the mantle as a result of decompression due to cracking at the ridge |
| Which of the following is not forming at a divergent boundary? | * Japan |
| Oceanic ridges are elevated primarily because _____. | * new oceanic crust is hot and less dense than cooler adjacent rocks |
| A chaotic accumulation of ocean floor sediment and chunks of oceanic crust that forms at convergent boundaries is called a/an _____. | * accretionary wedge |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of a continental-continental convergent boundary? | * deep ocean trench |
| In an ocean-continent convergent boundary _____. | * volcanic mountains form 100-3-- kilometers from the trench |
| Mount St. Helens is a part of a _____. | * continental volcanic arc |
| Which of the following were not formed by continental-continental convergence? | * Rocky Mountains |
| The processes that produce mountains is called _____. | * orogenesis |
| Partial melting of a subducting oceanic plate produces batholiths with the composition of _____. | * granodiorite |
| Which of the following best describes the geology of the Pacific coastal regions of western North America, including Alaska? | * Geologically different, microcontinent-sized fragments and terranes, formed elsewhere, were tectonically accreted to North America. |
| Topographically high-standing, mountainous areas generally _____. | * are underlain by greater then average thicknesses of lower density, crustal rocks |
| Which of the following is not an example of an Isostatic movement? | * stream downcutting following a drop in sea level |
| Volcanism along a continental arc is dominated by the eruption of _____. | * andesitic lavas and pyroclastic materials |
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Created by:
methay2002