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Chapter 13
McCrae and Costa's 5-factor trait theory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Big five | Another term for 5-Factor Theory |
| inductive reasoning | form reasoning based on observation, measurement, w/o preconceived hypotheses |
| deductive reasoning | according to factor, analytical theories of personality, gathers data on basis of previous verified hypotheses or theories, ranging from general-particular |
| Common traits | Cattell, traits shared by many |
| L data | data derived from other peoples observations (L data) Cattell |
| T data | (Cattell, T data) data derived from these are used to measure activities designed to challenge peoples maximum performance. includes experimental data |
| ability | (Cattell) traits refering to how far, how fast one can preform |
| motivation | (Cattell) traits concerned with why one behaves |
| Q data | (Cattell) reports from questionnaires, other techniques designed to elicit peoples subjective descriptions of themselves |
| unique traits | (Cattell) traits particular to one person |
| Traits of temperment | (Cattell) traits concerned with how one behaves |
| Correlation coefficient | mathematical procedure, reducing large number of variables to a few, used by Eysenck, Cattell, et al to identify personality traits, factors |
| Taxonomy | system of classification according to natural relationships |
| model | evolution of big five, the five-factor (model) arose from taxonomy, formed basis for later theory |
| Theory | evolution of big five, result of further research and refinement of that, as a (theory) it can predict and explain behavior |
| unipolar | traits with one pole, traits scaled from 0 to some large amount, opposite of bipolar |
| Bipolar | traits with 2 poles, traits scaled from a - point to a + point, with 0 representing the midpoint |
| agreeableness | people who score high on this trait are trusting, generous, yielding, acceptant and good-natures. described as soft-hearted |
| extraversion | score high on this trait tend to be, affectionate, fun-loving, talkative, and joiners |
| neuroticism | people who score high on this trait tend to be, anxious, temperamental, self-pitying, self-conscious, emotional and vulnerable to stress-related disorders |
| openness to experience | people score high on this trait prefer variety, looking for different experiences |
| conscientiousness | people that score high on this trait, described as ordered, organized, ambitious, self-disciplined and controlled |
| Basic tendencies | 1 of 3 core components, McCrae and Costa's term, for universal raw material of personality |
| core components | (Central components, AKA) Mccrae and Costa's personality theory, understanding of 3 core, components, 3 peripheral ones help predict behavior |
| Characteristic adaptations | 1 of 3 core components, acquired personality structures, develop as people adapt to environment |
| self- concept | 1 of 3 core components, in Mccrae and Costa's theory, knowledge, views and self evaluation |
| Biological influences | 1 of 3 peripheral components, within big five factor theory, causal influence on all basic tendencies(Biological) bases include genes, hormones, etc |
| External influences | 1 of 3 peripheral components, (Mccrae, Costa) physical and social situations have some influence on personality, responses to opportunities and demands in a specific context , function of characterestic adaptations and interaction external influ |
| objective biography | 1 of 3 peripheral components, all experiences of a person across lifespan (Mccrae, Costa) |
| Peripheral components | Mccrae, Costas personality theory, understanding of 3 core components and 3 (peripheral components) help predict behavior, latter includes biological bases, objective biography, external influences |
| basic postulates | (core) part of each of the components of personality system, except biological bases |
| Individuality postulate | (One of the) postulates for basic tendencies, says adults have unique set of traits, each person has unique trait patterns, uniqueness comes from genetic variability |
| origin postulate | (one ) postulate for basic tendicies, personality traits are result only of endogenous forces, ex, hormones, genetics, and brain structures |
| development postulate | (basic tendencies) traits develop, change throughout childhood |
| structure postulate | basic tendicie postulate, traits are organized hierarchically, |
| Change postulate | trairts affect way we react to (change) in environment |
| Maladjustment | 2nd characteristic postulate , attitudes, habits, and competencies, make up adaptations that become so rigid/compulsive they become maladjustment |
| plasticity | 3rd characteristic adaptation (post...) states that basic traits may change over time in response to biological maturation, environmental changes, deliberate interventions |
| factor loadings | amount of correlation that a score contributes to a given factor |
| traits | generally permeant disposition of an individual, may be inferred from behaviour, (factor analysis) traits represent cluster of closely related variables |
| matrix | (Factor analysis) table of correlations , maybe be high ands positive, some near 0 and some - |
| Basic tendencies | (McCrae, Costa) term for interconnectedness of central, peripheral components of personality |
| Positions | (1st postulate) for characteristic adaptations, basic tendencies result in seeking and selecting environments that match our (positions) |
| Surface traits | (Cattel) approach, trait indicators , behaviours by which , discern personality , contrast with source traits |
| Source traits | (Cattel) traits that provide underlying factors , for individuals personality, clusters of surface traits derived from factor analysis |
| Factor analysis | mathmatical index used to measure, direction and magnitude of relationship between 2 variables |
Created by:
tahu4260