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Chem 133 Chap 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acid | a substance that yields hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. |
| Alkali Metals | Group 1A - Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and Fr |
| Alkaline earth metals | Group 2A - Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Ra |
| Allotrope | one of the 2 or more distinct forms of an element - ex O2 and O3 are allotropes of Oxygen |
| Alpha Particles | positively charged particles |
| Alpha Rays | rays composed of alpha particles |
| Anion | an ion whose net charge is negative - Chloride ion (Cl-) |
| Atom | the basic unit of an element that can enter into a chemical combination |
| Atomic Number (Z) | the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element. Oxygen's atomic number is 8. |
| Base | a substance that yields hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water. |
| Beta Particles | electrons |
| Beta Rays | rays composed of electrons |
| Binary Compound | compounds formed from just 2 elements - the 1st element is the metal cation and the 2nd element is the non-metal anion. (NaCl) |
| Cation | an ion with a positive net charge (Na+ is sodium cation) |
| Chemical Formula | express the composition of molecules and ionic compounds in terms of chemical symbols |
| Diatomic Molecule | contains only 2 atoms, they can be of the same or different elements. H, N, O F, Cl, Br and I exist naturally as diatomic molecules. CO, HCl are ex.of diatomic mol. of different elements |
| Electron | negatively charged particles |
| Empirical Formula | tells us which elements are present and the simplest whole number ratio of their atoms - not nec. the actual |
| Families | vertical columns of the Periodic Table |
| Gamma Rays | rays made up of neutral particles. |
| Groups | Same as families- vertical columns of the Periodic Table |
| Halogens | Group 7A - F, Cl, Br, I and At |
| Hydrate | compounds that have a specific number of H2O molecules attached to them. |
| Inorganic Compounds | compound that generally does not contain Carbon - ionic compounds, acids, bases and hydrates |
| Ion | an atom or group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge |
| Ionic Compound | compound formed by cations and anions |
| Isotope | atoms that have the same atomic numbers but different mass numbers (have the same protons but different neutrons) |
| Law of conservation of mass | matter is neither created nor destroyed |
| Law of definite proportions | different samples of the same compound always contain its constituent in the same proportion by mass. ex - CO2 from different places would always have the same ratio of C to O |
| Law of multiple proportions | if 2 elements can combine to form more than 1 compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in ratios of small whole numbers. ex. CO and CO2 |
| Mass Number (A) | the total number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom |
| Metal | is a good conductor of heat and electricity |
| Metalloid | had properties that are intermediate between those of metals and non-metals |
| Molecular Formula | shows the exact number of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance H2O |
| Molecule | an aggregate of at least 2 atoms in a definite arrangement held together by chemical forces (bonds) |
| Monatomic Ion | Ions that contain only 1 atom |
| Neutron | neutral particle |
| Noble Gases | Group 8A - non-reactive gases- He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe and Rn - only elements that exist in nature as single atoms |
| Nonmetal | poor conductor of heat and electricity |
| Nucleus | dense central core of an atom |
| Organic Compound | contain Carbon |
| Oxoacid | acids that contain hydrogen, oxygen and another (central) element. Written with H first then central element then O - ex. HNO3 - nitric acid |
| oxoanion | anions of oxoacids |
| Periods | Horizontal Row of the Periodic Table |
| Periodic Table | chart in which elements having similar chemical and physical properties are grouped together |
| Polyatomic ion | ions containing more than 1 atom (OH-) - hydroxide Ion |
| Polyatomic molecule | molecule containing more than 2 atoms |
| Proton | positively charged particle |
| Radiation | the emission and transmission of energy through space in the form of waves. |
| Radioactivity | spontaneous emission of particles and |
| or radiation | |
| Structural Formula | shows how atoms are bonded to one another in a molecule - H2O would be shown as H-O-H |
| Ternary formula | compounds consisting of 3 elements |
| Anhydrous | the hydrate no longer has H2O attached to it. |
Created by:
melwandelt
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