Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch. 6 - Electricity
Back to science-based chapters.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Electricity | a form of energy which produces light, heat, and magnetic and chemical changes. |
| Electric Current | a modality; the flow of electricity along a conductor. |
| Conductor | a material that allows electricity to flow through it easily. |
| Load | a term for any electrically powered appliance. |
| Insulator | a material that does not allow the flow of electric current. |
| Amp | an ampere; a unit of electric strength. |
| Volt | voltage; a unit of electric pressure. Typical household is wired for 110. Loads with larger voltage requirements often have thicker cords with three prongs. |
| Ohm | a unit of electric resistance. |
| Watt | a measure of electrical energy being used. |
| Electrotherapy | the application of electrical energy during skin treatments. |
| Electrons | tiny, negatively charged particles which make up electric current. |
| Direct Current | DC; a form of electric current. Describes when electrons move at an even rate and flow in one direction. |
| Alternating Current | AC; a form of electric current. Describes a rapid, oscillating cycle that alternates back and forth, allowing electrons to flow in one direction and then the other. |
| Frequency | the number of times an electric current "cycles" in one direction and then the other. Measures AC. |
| Converter | an instrument which changes Direct Current to Alternating Current. |
| Rectifier | an instrument which changes Alternating Current to Direct Current. |
| Hertz Rating | indicates the number of cycles per second that a generator alternates current. One Hz = one cycle per second. |
| Silver and Copper | the two best conductors. |
| Battery | a device which converts electrochemical energy into electrical energy when a load is switched on. Electrons collect on the negative terminal and travel towards the positive one, through the chemical medium, and into the equipment. |
| Generator | a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. |
| Amp Rating | indicates the number of electrons flowing through a particular line. |
| Milliampere | 1/1000th of an amp; used to measure the power that skin care equipment puts out. |
| Milliamperemeter | an instrument used to measure the electrical current used in skin care equipment. |
| Ohm's Rating | the resistance to the motion of the electrons through a conductor. Used to determine the current needed to power a machine. |
| Kilowatt | 1000 watts. Many of these can be used in a short amount of time. |
| Kilowatt Hours | the rate at which energy is used. |
| Underwriter's Laboratory | UL rating; means the appliance has been certified to operate safely under specified conditions. |
| Circuit | a closed path; a path on which electricity leaves the source and travels to an appliance. |
| Open Circuit | when a closed path is broken. Stops the flow of electricity to a load. |
| Rheostat | indicates the amount of current flowing through the equipment and regulates the amount with a dial or knob. |
| Overload | describes when a line carries more amps than it is designed to carry. Without fail-safes, lines can burn and catch fire. |
| Short Circuit | when a conductor comes in contact with a wire carrying current to a load. |
| Power Box | the carefully insulated location where electric current enters a building from a generator or a power plant. |
| Fuse | a safety device that prevents electrical wires from overheating. Contains fine wire which melts when too much current is present. |
| Circuit Breaker | a safety device that prevents overloads. Contains two pieces of metal which connect to form a circuit. When electric current is too high, a heat sensing device separates the metal pieces. |
| Grounding Wire | three-wire system; a safety device which handles the excess flow of electric current. Excess current runs down a third prong and into the ground, "grounding" the current. |
| Electrical Shock | what results when a person comes in contact with an electric current. May result in a jolt, a burn, or even electrocution. |
| Local Shock | a shock which passes through a small part of the body. Causes burns and muscle contractions. |
| General Shock | a shock which passes through the nervous system. Causes the heart to stop, breathing to cease, and the muscles to convulse. Requires CPR and calling EMS. |
| Ground Fault Circuit Interruptor | GFCI; senses current leakage in electrical circuit and will interrupt power is there is contact with water. |
| PASS | Pull pin on handle, aim hose, spray chemical, swing chemical back and forth over fire. |
| Galvanic, High Frequency, Faradic, and Sinusoidal | the four types of electric current utilized in electrotherapy treatments. |
| Galvanic Current | ionization; a constant, direct current of low voltage and high amperage which produces electrochemical effects. Electricity passes through an acid which is applied to the skin, producing different effects. 6 minutes. |
| Phoresis | the process of forcing water-based products into the skin with the use of Galvanic Current. |
| Anaphoresis | a type of phoresis which allows an alkaline solution to enter the skin with assisted by Galvanic Current and the NEGATIVE pole of an electrode. |
| Desincrustation | a treatment during which blockages in the skin are broken down. Involved in Anaphoresis. |
| Cataphoresis | a type of phoresis which allows an acidic solution to enter the skin when assisted by Galvanic Current and the positive pole of an electrode. |
| Iontophoresis | a treatment in which the deeper layers of the epidermis are built up or nourished. Involved in Cataphoresis. |
| Polarity | having opposite poles in an electric treatment. |
| Electrodes | negatively or positively charged poles that attract or repel negatively or positively charged particles in treatment solutions. |
| Cathode | a negatively charged electrode; usually black in color or displays a large "N" or negative sign (-). |
| Anode | a positively charged electrode; usually red in color and displayed a large "P" or a positive sign (+). |
| Polarity Changer | a switch on the machine that can change the polarity of the current. |
| High Frequency Current | "Tesla Current"; an alternating current that can be adjusted to different voltages to produce heat. |
| Active Electrode | the term for the electrode held by the esthetician during Galvanic treatments. Should be the same polarity as the solution being inserted into the client's skin. |
| Argon | a gas which produces a rich purple color during High Frequency treatments. Used on acne-type lesions. |
| Neon | a gas which produces a bright orange color during High Frequency treatments. Used on normal to oily skin to create warmth in a localized area for improved product penetration or to increase circulation. |
| Sparking | creating a "spark gap"; a method used to accumulate beneficial ozone gasses during an indirect High Frequency treatment. The electrode is slowly lifted away from the skin, forming a gap that allows more oxygen into the space. |
| Direct High Frequency | a High Frequency treatment that involves the esthetician placing the electrode on or a short distance away from the client's face. This produces an ozone gas that has germicidal effects while also eliminating excess sebum. 5 minutes. |
| Indirect High Frequency | a Viennese Massage; a High Frequency treatment that involves the esthetician massaging the client's face as current passes through their hands. Stimulates sebum production, aids in product penetration, and provides soothing massage. 7 minutes. |
| Faradic Current | an alternating current that is interrupted to produce a mechanical, non-chemical motion. Contracts the muscles. Soothing and relaxing. Believed to preserve muscle tone. |
| Direct Faradic | a method of application for Faradic Current in which both electrodes are placed on the client's skin without ever touching. Stimulates motor nerves. |
| Indirect Faradic | most frequently used application of Faradic Current in skincare treatments. Esthetician wears wristband with moistened electrode, and the client has an electrode wrapped in moist cotton placed between shoulder blades. Provides stimulating facial massage. |
| Sinusoidal Current | an alternating current that produces a mechanical effect similar to Faradic Current. Penetrates more deeply than Faradic Current. Only use indirect method. Treatments last no more than 20 minutes. |
| Light Therapy | using light rays or waves to produce beneficial effects on the body. |
| Radiation | the transfer of heat energy through empty air space. |
| Electromagnetic Radiation | when heat energy is transferred by radiation, resulting in electrons moving in wave-like patterns. |
| Wavelength | a measurement of waves which span from one crest to another. |
| Electromagnetic Spectrum | the range of wavelengths that can be produced by radiant energy. |
| Visible Light | the portions of the Electromagnetic Spectrum which humans can see. Produces visible color. |
| White Light | combination light; a combination of wavelengths from visible light. |
| Prism | a three-sided glass object which can split wavelengths from visible light into their individual colors. |
| Fluorescent Light | economical and long-lasting light source. Provides "cool" lighting. |
| Incandescent Light | type of light provided by ordinary light bulb and natural sunlight. Produces warm lighting. |
| Infrared Rays | invisible rays slightly longer than visible red light. Can penetrate all the layers of the skin and affect muscle, bone, nerves, and joints. Produces heat. |
| Ultraviolet Rays | actinic or "cold" rays; invisible light rays slightly shorter than visible violent light. Stimulates Vitamin D production, which aids in healing. Antibacterial. Measured in nanometers. |
| 30 cm | the distance that an Infrared Light must be placed from a client's skin. |
| UVC | UV rays that are beyond the ozone layer and have little effect on exposure which the skin receives. The shortest in length of UV rays. 200nm to 280 nm. |
| UVB | UV rays that we are exposed to most frequently from the sun. Partially absorbed by ozone. Penetrate the lower layers of the epidermis and stimulate melanin production. Shorter than UVA rays but are one thousand times more powerful. 280 nm to 320 nm. |
| UVA | the longest of the UV rays. Most commonly used in tanning booths. Take a longer period of time and a larger dose to burn skin. However, can penetrate to the dermis and destroy collagen and elastin. Necessary for the production of Vitamin D. |
| Seasonal Affective Disorder | SAD or Northeast Winter Depression; a form of depression more prevalent during times when there are fewer hours of sunlight. |
| Thermal Effect | a heating effect; caused when electrical resistance generates heat energy. Higher ohms = more friction due to resistance. |
| Conduction | the transfer of heat via direct contact. |
| Convection | the transfer of heat via liquid or gas. |
| Radiation | the transfer of heat through a vacuum. |
| Pyrolysis | a thermal breakdown of the skin. Causes burns. |
| Electrochemical EFfect | created when an electric current travels through a water-based solution and onto the body. Utilized during Galvanic treatments. |
| Magnifying Lamp | a loupe; a device which provides light and magnification. Allows esthetician to examine the surface of the skin more closely. |
| Diopter | a measurement of the degree of magnification. 3-diopter = 30X magnification. |
| Wood's Lamp | a device which uses light and magnification to assist in thoroughly analyzing the skin and highlighting various facial skin conditions. Utilizes violet rays or black light. |
| Skin Scope | dermascope or skin scanner; an elaborate magnifying mirror/light that incorporates a black light. Allows esthetician to see client's skin and the client to see his or her reflection in a magnifying mirror. |
| Facial Steamer | facial vaporizer; a device which sprays a lukewarm, diffused vapor mist onto the surface of the face. |
| Suction Machine | a device which acts as a miniature vacuum cleaner that draws out dirt, impurities, and sebum. Loosens blackheads and other sebum deposits. |
| Spray Machine | an automated spraying device which sprays the surface of the skin with a gentle mist of water-based solution. Stimulates nerve endings and cellular metabolism, provides light massage, and is suitable for all skin types. |
| Lucas Spray | the electric pulverizer spray; invented by Dr. Lucas Championniere. A unique atomizer that allows for the application of herbs, extracts, or astringents to be applied in a very fine mist. Refreshes, soothes, and tones the skin. |
| Carbonic Gas Spray | a recent treatment involving a high-powered spray that deep cleans pores after extraction or suction. For oily and acne-prone skin. |
| Rotating Brush Machine | a device which features a small handheld brush to be used on the face or body; superficially exfoliates and provides a thorough cleansing of the skin. |
| Microdermabrasion Machine | a device which achieves a light resurfacing of the epidermis through the simultaneous spraying and suctioning of aluminum oxide crystals on the skin. |
| Electric Mask | a mask which is placed over a wet terry cloth and a tissue on the face. Provides moist, warm heat and is used to soften the skin to aid in product penetration. |
| Electric Treatment Mittens and Booties | devices which are electrically heated and slipped onto the hands or feet to help product penetrate more deeply into the skin. |
| Paraffin Heating Unit | electric containers that melt blocks of paraffin wax for use in face, hand, foot, and body treatments. Paraffin is both moisturizing and relaxing; effective treatment for dry skin. Increases rate of product penetration and warms skin. |
| Wax Heating Unit | specially designed heating containers that melt wax for hair removal procedures. |
| Hot Towel Cabinet | keeps warm, moist towels ready for use throughout the day. |
| Multifunction Machine | a device which features a combination of different electrical units combined into one piece of equipment. The most commonly used machine in the skin care facility. |
Created by:
helpmelisa