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Biology Chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pseudpod | A temporary, foot-like extension of a cell, used for locomation or engulfing |
| Nucleus | The region of a eukaryotic cell that ocntains the cells main DNA |
| Vacuole | A membrane-bounded "sac" within a cell |
| Ectoplasm | The thin, watery cytoplasm near the plasma membrane of some cells |
| Endoplasm | The dense cytoplasm found in the interior of many cells |
| Flagellate | A protazoan that propels itself with a flagellum |
| Chloroplast | A organelle containing chlorohyll for photosynthesis |
| Eyespot | A light-sensitive region in certain protozoa |
| Symbiosis | A close relashionship between teo or more species where at least one benefits |
| Mutualism | A relationship between two or more organisms of differant species where all benefit from the association |
| Commensalism | A realationship between two organisms of differant species where one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited |
| Parasitism | A relationship between two organisms of differant species where one benefits and other is harmed |
| Cilia | Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion |
| Spore | A reproductive cell with a hard, protective coating |
| Plankton | Tiny organisms that float in the water |
| Zooplankton | Tiny floating organisms that are either small animals or protozoa |
| Phytoplankton | Tiny floaing photosynthetic orgnaisms, primarioly algae |
| Thallus | The body of a plant-like orgnism that is not divided into leaves, roots or stems |
| Cellulose | A subtance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms |
| Holdfast | A special structure used by an organism to anchor itself |
| Sessile colony | A colony that uses holdfasts to anchor itself to an object |
| Which of the following genera contain organisms with chloroplasts? Amoeba, Euglena, Paramecium, Spirogrya | Spirogyra |
| What is the function of a contractile vacuole? What is the difference between this and a food vacuole? | Contractile vauole- regulates the amount of water in the cell. Food vacuole- holds and store the food while its being digested |
| What is the differance between endoplasm and ectoplasm? | Endoplasm-The dense cytoplasm found in the interior of many cells.Ectoplasm- The thin watery cytoplasm near the plasma membrane of some cells |
| The amoeba and euglena each have differan mean of locomotion. How are they differant? How are they similar? | Similar- Have moving parts that propellDifferances- Amoeba have pseudopods (false feet). Euglena have a tail-like thing |
| Name at least three pathogenic organisms from the kingdom Protista. | Entamoeba gingivalis, e. coli, entamoeba histolytica |
| For each of the phyla below, list the means of locomotion employed by the organisms in that phyla: Sarcodina, mastigophora, ciliophora. | Sarcodina- PseudopodsMastigophora-FlagellatesCiliophora-Cilia |
| What are the main features that separate orgnaisms into phylum Sporozoa? | No real means of locomotion. |
| A tapeworm is a parasite that feeds on the nutrients which the host eats, depriving the host of that nutrition. Trichonymoha is a mastigophorite that lives in the gut of a trmite. Name the specific kind of symbiosis in each of the situations. | 1. Parasitism 2. Mutualism |
| Why do the ciliates have two nuclei? What is the purpose of each? | B.c the macronucleus spends all of its resouces controlling the metabolism, the micronucleus is needed to controll reproduction. |
| What is the differance between the conjugation that occurs between paramecia and then conjugation that occurs between bacteria? | First two paramecia attach to each other at the oral grooves and exchange bacteria. Then the seprate and reproduce asexually. |
| In the first group the organisms from hard shells when exposed to life-threatening conditions. If not exposed, they will never form hard shells but other group forms hard shells as part of their life cycle. Which group would be from the phylum Sporozoa? | The 2nd group |
| What is unique about the way the euglena obtains food? | They absorb food in light |
| Which phylum contains the organisms responsible for most of the photosynthesis that occurs on earth? What generic term is used to refer to these orgnaisms? | ? |
| Main function: Food vacuole | Hold and store food while its being digested. P. Sarcodina |
| Main function: Contractile vacuole | Regulate the amount of water in the cell. P. Sarcodina |
| Main function: Flagellum | Used for locomotion. P. Mastigophora |
| Main function: Pellicle | To protect the plasma membrane P. Mastigophora |
| Main function: Chloroplast | Contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis P. Mastigophora |
| Main function: Eyespot | Used to move towards regions of bright light to increase their photosynthetic output P. Mastigophora |
| Main function: Cilia | Used for locomotion. P. Ciliophora |
| Main function: Nucleus | Contains the cells DNA. P. Sarcodina, Mastigophora, Ciliophora |
| Main function: Oral groove | To sweep food into the gullet |
| What are large deposits of diatom remains called? List two uses of these deposits. | Diatomaceous earth. 1) holdfast 2) sessile colony |
| What is a red tide? | The bloom of a gymnodinium brevis |
| What two phyla principally contain macrscopice algae? | 1) Phaeophyta 2)Rhodophyta |
| What substance produced by members of phylum Paeophyta is usefull for thinening ice cream, pudding, salad dressing, and jelly beans? | Aglinic acid |
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