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Chapter 12&18 pharm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of medication is used short term to relieve itching associated with allergic reactions such as; poison ivy, hives and insect bites. | Antipruritics |
| Factors that influence the rate of absorption of topical medications include? | -condition and location of skin -heat -moisture |
| If skin is thick and callused, absorption will be | Slower |
| If skin is moist, macerated(raw), or warm absorption will be? | Rapid |
| Patient education with use of antipruritics are? | -clean area thoroughly before administering -rub gently until medication vanishes -use caution if they have allergies -avoid contact with eyes/mucus membranes -avoid prolonged use, no longer than 1 week -discontinue if conditions worsen |
| Antipuritics can relieve itching with âdryingâ agents such as? (Name med) | calamine/Caladryl |
| These are used to suppress response to infection/trauma with immunosuppressant properties; but they also have anti-inflammatory properties to reduce inflammation and swelling. They can be used to treat allergic reactions and severe skin conditions. | Corticosteroids |
| Corticosteroids can pose serious side effects, so they are best used short-term due to their | Systemic effects on the body |
| Name two skin conditions corticosteroids can be used in treatment | Psoriasis and seborheic dermatitis |
| Topical corticosteroid used long term could have side effects that included | -epidermal thinning with skin tears -ulceration -hyperglycemia -glycosuria -Cushingâs syndrome |
| Corticosteroids would be contraindicated in patients who are? | -pregnant -lactating -children -immunosuppressed |
| Contraindications to look for BEFORE applying corticosteroids to a patient, and would not use on them if | They had skin infections, bacterial or fungal infections also is they have cutaneous(skin) or viral infections. |
| EMOLLIENTS/PROTECTANTS do what? | They soothe and protect minor dermatological conditions. They do so by creating a lipid barrier and seal out wetness |
| types of emollients that treat diaper rash are? | *DESTIN -a&d -zinc oxide |
| This type of medication loosen epithelial scales; in patients with dandruff, seborrhea, psoriasis, and acne | Keratolytics |
| Medications used to remove debridement of necrotic/dead tissue; such as on patients with pressure sores/ulcers | Enzyme Preparation also called âenzymaticâ |
| Medication type that treats scabies | Scabicides |
| Scabies are caused by? | An itch mite that burrows under the skin |
| Medication type that treats pediculosis/ infestation of lice in the hair of the scalp, pubic area, and trunk. | Pediculicides |
| Medication type that controls fungal conditions, it may be administered as a topical or oral suspension or lozenge. | Antifungals |
| Antivirals treat? | Viral or virus-caused conditions |
| In order for Antiviral medications to be most effective they need to be started within | 48 hrs - they can be started within 72 hrs of onset but to be MOST EFFECTIVE they should be started within 48 HOURS OF ONSET. |
| Name two "Scabicide" medications | *lindane -permethrin |
| Name one "Pediculicide" medication | *pyrethrins(RID)- they are preferred treatment and considered safer for pediculosis.(lice treatment) |
| When using oral suspension of antifungal medications such as "Mycostatin"/nystatin, use water to rinse mouth..... (BEFORE or AFTER therapy?) | BEFORE-and advise patient to be NPO (nothing by mouth) for at least ONE hour. |
| Name one "Antifungal" medication | Mycostatin/nystatin |
| Name two "Antiviral" medications | Zovirax/acyclovir Valtrex |
| Antibacterial Agents such as "Mupirocin/Bactroban" are used to treat? | Staphylococcus aureus and Steptococci -They also reduce outbreaks of MRSA |
| Antibacterial medication, that is a nasal ointment and is applied intranasally to reduce the risks of infection in patients with high risk during institutional outbreaks of MRSA. | Mupirocin/Bactroban |
| Antiseptics are substances that? | inhibit growth of bacteria |
| Bactericidal means it | kills bacteria |
| Antiseptics should Not be used on wounds involving more than the superficial layers of skin and it is important to? | Rinse thoroughly after use! |
| Burn treatments include topical application of medications to prevent or treat? | -infections associated with damaged skin |
| When applying topical application of medications to a burn patient, you must do so with? | Gloved hands! |
| Contraindications or extreme caution that must be used when applying topical meds to a burn patient include: | -History of allergy, especially to sulfa drugs -Impaired kidney or liver function -Do not use silver sulfadiazine w/collagenase or trypsin-containing enzymatic debriding agents. |
| Patients using burn medications should be instructed to: | -Use aseptic technique to prevent infection -Watch for allergic reactions -keep careful intake/output record -KEEP THE AFFECTED AREA COVERED AT ALL TIMES WITH CREAM & STERILE DRESSING |
| What are use for most severe forms of acne and for patients who fail other treatments? | Retinoids *Accutane is a retinoid |
| ____________, is used to treat sever type 4 acne that has not responded to other treatments, including antibiotics. | Accutane |
| Women prescribed Accutane meds, that are of child-bearing potential must agree in writing to use two specific forms of ____________ __________, and have regular __________- _________ , before/during/after taking Accutane. | -Birth control -pregnancy tests |
| Females on Accutane Must sign a patient information and consent form acknowledging facts about? | -birth defects associated with Accutane use |
| Contraindications/Precautions to Accutane use: | -pregnancy/breastfeeding -use in children under 12yrs -prolonged sunlight/Accutane causes increased sensitivity to sunlight |
Created by:
Ashleybit4