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Chem Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Dmitri Mendeleev | wrote PT on playing cards |
| Democritus | atomos, properties of matter, matter is composed of atoms, atoms move through empty space |
| Aristotle | empty space cannot exist, matter is made of earth fire air and water |
| John Dalton | matter is composed of atoms, atoms are indivisible and indestructible, atoms of one element are different from another element, atoms combine to form compounds, Father of Modern Atomic Theory |
| Sir William Cookes | cathode ray tube, discovered e- |
| JJ Thompson | called e- 'corpuscles', plum pudding model |
| Robert Milliken | oil drop experiment, measured the mass of an e- |
| Ernest Rutherford | gold foil experiment, discovered p+ and nucleus |
| James Chadwick | discovered neutron |
| Neils Bohr | energy levels |
| Max Plank | there is a relationship between quanta and its frequency |
| Erwin Schrodinger | atomic orbitals |
| Atomic number | number of protons |
| Isotope | when the # of p+ does not equal the # of neutrons |
| Ion | an atom with a charge as the product of either a loss or gain of an electron |
| # of neutrons= | mass # - atomic # |
| Mass of p+ | 1.673 x 10 (-24)g |
| Mass of n | 1.675 x 10(-24)g |
| Amu | atomic mass unit (1/12 C atom) |
| Planetary model | by Ernest Rutherford |
| Emission | giving off a photon |
| Absorption spectrum | contains all wavelengths |
| Crest | top of the wave |
| Trough | bottom of the wave |
| Frequency | how many waves per second |
| Amplitude | length of the wave |
| Speed of light | 3.00 x 10 to the 8th m/s |
| Speed of light = wave length x frequecy | c= hf |
| When the wavelength is shorter | the frequency is greater |
| Octet Rule | every atom wants to have 8 valence electrons |
| The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle | it is impossible to know the velocity and position of a particle at the same time |
| Aufbau Principle (Diagonal Rule) | each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available |
| Pauli Exclusion Principle | a max of 2 e- can occupy a single atomic orbital; the e- must have opposite spins |
| Dalton's Atomic Theory | matter is indivisble and indestructible, atoms of an element are the same |
| Hund's Rule | Single e- with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before more e- with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals |
| Ground state | lowest energy where an e- can still live |
| Excited state | when an e- gains energy |
| Valence e- | the e- in the outermost shell |
| After the excited state | absorption of energy happens |
| Atomic orbital | a regional space around the nucleus where an atom can be found |
| Quantum numbers | describe the orbital |
| Four quantum #s | n, l, m, s |
| n | energy level where e- exist |
| l | sublevels (s [sharf], p [principal], d (defuse), f [fundamental]) |
| m | position on the XYZ axis |
| s | spin within the orbital level |
| sharf | 2 e-, spherical |
| principal | 6 e-, dumb bell |
| defuse | 10 e-, 5 suborbitals |
| fundamental | 14 e-, 7 suborbitals |
| periodic law | there is a periodic repetition of chemical and physical properties of the elements when they are arranged by increasing atomic number |
| groups (families) | vertical columns |
| periods | horizontal rows |
| groups 1,2, and 13-18 | representative elements |
| groups 3-12 | transition elements |
| classifications of elements | metals, non-metals, and metalloids |
| metals | good conductor of heat and electricity |
| alkali metal | besides hydrogen, all the elements in group 1 |
| alkaline earth metals | group 2; highly reactive |
| transition elements | transition metals and inner transition metals |
| inner transition metals | lanthanide series and actinide series |
| nonmetals | elements that are generally gases or brittle, dull-colored solids |
| group 17 | halogens, very reactive |
| group 18 | noble gases, unreactive |
| metalloid | has physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals |
| ionization energy | energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom |
| electronegativity | the relative ability of its atoms to attract electrons in a chemical bond |
Created by:
Jaspergem
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