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Test 2 term 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cyanobacteria | |
| Epiphyte | |
| Nitrogen fixation | |
| Frustule | |
| Epitheca | |
| Hypotheca | |
| Auxospore | |
| Chrysophyte | |
| Bloom | |
| Bioluminescent | |
| Red tide | |
| Cyst | |
| Xanthophyll | |
| Phycobilins | |
| Chlorophyll | |
| Accessory pigment | |
| Critical depth | |
| Kelp | |
| Blade | |
| Stipe | |
| Hold fast | |
| Pneumatocyst | |
| Sporophyte | |
| Gametophyte | |
| Spore | |
| Emergent plant community | |
| Submergent plant community | |
| Prokaryotic | |
| Eukaryotes | |
| Photosynthesis | |
| Benthic | |
| Pelagic | |
| Silica | |
| Calcium carbonate | |
| Coccolith | |
| Flagella | |
| Zooxanthellae | |
| Standing crop | |
| Remote sensing | |
| Limiting factor | |
| Photinhibition | |
| Trace elements | |
| Primary production | |
| Langmuir cells | |
| Alternation of generations | |
| Diploid | |
| Haploid | |
| Rhizomes | |
| 3 different types of phytoplankton | |
| Important Cyanobacteria functions | |
| How diatoms reproduce | |
| How bioluminescence works and the chemicals involved | |
| Red tide and how it affects us | |
| Adaptions of phytoplankton | |
| 3 major group of algae | |
| 4 major Structure of algae plant | |
| Alternation of generations life cycle pattern | |
| Anthophyte SPARTINA ( cord grass) and zostera ( eel grass) | |
| Marine anthophye examples | |
| Floating vs submergent vs emergent plant communities and examples | |
| How photosynthesis works and equation | |
| Gross vs net primary production and methods to analyze pp | |
| Gross vs net continued | |
| Factors effecting pp | |
| Factors affecting pp continued | |
| CHNOPS | |
| Blue green algae PROKARYOTIC descended from original earth inhabitants 3bya + | |
| Attached to larger plants | |
| Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to other forms of nitrogen used by eukaryotic plants | |
| Amount of plant material alive at any one time Can be applied to algae, all plants, phytoplankton | |
| Same as photosynthesis Creates high energy organic material from CO2 H20 and other nutrients using solar energy | |
| Cyanobacteria Chrysophyta Dinophyta | |
| Nitrogen fixation Produces roughly 60% of earth oxygen Originally filled atmosphere with oxygen Important role in fertility/ production of sea grass beds | |
| Phaeophyta Rhodophyta Chlorophyta | |
| Blade- leaf like does photosynthesis Pneumatocysts- gas like filled floatation devices Stipe- stem like structure very flexible Hold fast- resembles roots only holds plant in substrate Doesnât absorb nutrients like roots | |
| multicellular haploid plant structure is called the gametophyte, which is formed from the spore and give rise to the haploid gametes. The fluctuation between these diploid and haploid stages that occurs in plants is called the alternation of generations. | |
| Flowering plant Usually along seashore Have leaves stems and roots Reproduce underwater pollen carried by currents Seed float away or drop into mud and germinate | |
| Rhizomes- horizontal stems anchor plants in substrate Used as food source Used as food source for many animals | |
| asexually, via binary fission sexually, through meiosis and fertilization. capable of switching back and forth from sexual to asexual reproduction and also an inactive phase when necessary. | |
| Luciferin is oxidized by enzyme luciferase Produces glowing greenish light | |
| Certain dinophyta produce toxins then there is a bloom of this dinophyta Can cause skin and respiratory issues in humans Mostly harmful to fish... can hurt fishing industry | |
| Size- small bc it helps keep large surface area to volume ratio Lessening density- adjusts to unfavorable conditions Long spines and horns dormancy in cysts, movement | |
| Emergent- plant growth above sea surface SALT MARSH AND MANGROVE submergent- plant growth below low tide line KELP BEDS AND SEA GRASS BED floating- floats on water surface LILY PAD TOAD STOOLS | |
| 6H2O + 6CO2 yields C6H12O6 + 6O2 Creating high energy organic material from CO2 H2O and other nutrients using solar energy | |
| Gross- total amount of organic material produced in sea by photosynthesis Net- any excess production used for growth, reproduction, and losses due to death Chlorophyll A method- measures amount of chlorophyll present in certain area using satellite | |
| Methods to analyze pp | Harvest method- measures biomass Light and dark bottles- measures O2 lost to respiration, light was total gained add them together to get GPP Nielsen method- measures amount of C14 assimilated by PPK in tissue |
| Light- must remain in photic zone ( depth changes due to angle of sun, atmosphere) Nutrient requirements- calcium and silicon for shells CHNOPS. Nutrient lie below photic zone. Mixing occurs due to temperature change | |
| Grazing- phytoplankton eaten by zooplankton which excrete or did and are recycled into useable substances by Bacteria Temperature- pp has optimal temp range Carbon dioxide- concentration level not usually issue Seasonal patterns- light intensity | |
| carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, six most important chemical elements whose covalent combinations make up most biological molecules on Earth. | |
| Phytoplankton CYANOBACTERIA Example Spirulina | aka blue green algae PROKARYOTIC Descendant from original earth Inhabitants (3+bya) Very abundant in intertidal areas Encrusted on rocks in internal area as colonies Many benthic species as long as thereâs light |
| Chrysophyta phytoplankton | 3 groups= silicoflagellate, coccolithophores, diatom Unicellular, eukaryotes, autotroph, chlorophyll Aand C and carotenoids Some have flagella some just drift Silica/ calcium carbonate walls |
| Dinophyta phytoplankton Zooxanthellae | Unicellular 2 flagella several chloroplasts Cellulose plates arranged over cell surface Pigments= chlorophyll A and C carotenoids fucoxanthin Cause red tides have rapid reproduction w/ blooms |
| Phaeophyta | Kelp/ brown algae Chlorophyll A and C xanthophyll and carotenes X gives them golden color |
| Rhodophyta | Red algae Chlorophyll A, phycobilins, carotenes Phycobilins give red/ blue color |
| Chlorophyta | Green algae Chlorophyll A and B and carotene Chlorophyll gives green color |
| Luciferin is oxidized by enzyme luciferase Produces glowing greenish light | |
| Certain dinophyta produce toxins then there is a bloom of this dinophyta | |
| Depth where photosynthesis stops | |
| Blade- leaf like does photosynthesis | |
| Stipe- stem like structure very flexible | |
| Hold fast- resembles roots only holds plant in substrate Doesnât absorb nutrients like roots | |
| Pneumatocysts- gas like filled floatation devices | |
| Satellite measures pp | |
| light-induced reduction in the photosynthetic capacity of a plant, alga, or cyanobacterium. | |
| chemical element required only in minute amounts by living organisms for normal growth. | |
| Rotation of life cycle phases between sporophyte and gametophyte | |
| Have large sculptured pits arranged in geometric shapes called areolus the silicified cell wall of a diatom, consisting of two valves or overlapping halves. | |
| outer or upper half or valve of the diatom frustule make up frustule | |
| inner and younger layer of the cell wall of a diatom. Make up frustule | |
| Naked diatom cell when they get too small | |
| rapid increase in the population of algae | |
| small capsulelike sac that encloses certain organisms in their dormant or larval stage. | |
| yellow or brown carotenoid plant pigment that causes the autumn colors of leaves. | |
| group of red or blue photosynthetic pigments present in some algae. | |
| green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis. | |
| photosynthetic pigment that traps light energy and channels it to chlorophyll a, the primary pigment, which initiates the reactions of photosynthesis Carotenoids phycobilins chlorophyll bcd | |
| asexual and usually diploid phase, producing spores from which the gametophyte arises. | |
| gamete-producing and usually haploid phase, producing the zygote from which the sporophyte arises. It is the dominant form in bryophytes. | |
| a haploid reproductive cell that gives rise to a gametophyte. | |
| Emergent- plant growth above sea surface SALT MARSH AND MANGROVE | |
| submergent- plant growth below low tide line KELP BEDS AND SEA GRASS BED f | |
| No nucleus single celled | |
| organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes in nucleus | |
| Creating high energy organic material from CO2 H2O and other nutrients using solar energy | |
| Lowest deepest layer | |
| upper layers of the open sea. | |
| hard, unreactive, colorless compound that occurs as the mineral quartz and as a principal constituent of sandstone and other rocks. | |
| white, insoluble solid occurring naturally as chalk, limestone, marble, and calcite, and forming mollusk shells and stony corals. | |
| Shell of cocoolithosphore | |
| Organelle on the outside of an organism that is used primarily for movement | |
| yellowish-brown symbiotic dinoflagellate present in large numbers in the cytoplasm of many marine invertebrates. | |
| environmental conditions that limit the growth, abundance, or distribution of an organism or a population of organisms in an ecosystem. ... The limiting factor also causes competition between individuals of a species population. For example, space is a li | |
| parallel Pairs of small counter rotating convection cells driven by surface winds | |
| 2 complete sets of chromosome, one from each parent | |
| Have 1 set of chromosomes | |
| rootlike subterranean stem, commonly horizontal in position, that usually produces roots below and sends up shoots progressively from the upper surface. |
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Iamnotmaddy
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