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animal science
test part 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| which of the following are environmental effects? | management and disease |
| when does evolution occur? | under natural selection; under artificial selection |
| what characteristics define a population? | species, geographical area |
| what traits are controlled by many genes? | weight gain |
| what are qualitative traits? | coat color |
| what are quantitative traits? | weights, number of eggs produced |
| what are economic trait affected by? | profit, perception, trends |
| how many gametes can you get with two pairs of genes? | 4 |
| what affects weight gain? | genetics, weather, feed level |
| which of the following traits are high in heritability? | tenderness |
| which of the following traits are moderate in heriability? | yearling weight |
| which of the following traits are low in heritability? | reproduction |
| where would you select on the bell-shaped curve to decrease the average of the offspring? | left side |
| where would you select on the bell-shaped curve to increase the average of the offspring? | right side |
| what are examples of known effects? | animal age, animal sex |
| what are examples of unknown effects? | feed sources, weather |
| which of the following statements is true about contemporary groups? | they leave as much of the environmental effect as possible |
| what are some ways that you can correct for the environmental effect? | performance test, EPDs |
| EPDs estimate the differences in: | offspring |
| what data must be included to calculate EPDs? | Individual;s performance data, ancestors' performance data |
| which animal have EPDs? | Beef cattle |
| which of the following traits are correlated? | weaning weight, Mature weight, average daily gain |
| you have a selection index for litter size (0.5), growth rate (0.3), and carcass traits (0.2). what percentage of pressure are you putting on growth rate? | 30% |
| which of the following statements is false about inbreeding? | it increases heterozygosity |
| which of the following statements is true about inbreeding depression? | it is the opposite of heterosis |
| which of the following statements are true about linebreeding? | it is planned, it attempts to keep the positive genes in a population |
| which of the following statements is true about crossbreeding? | it usually involves using a complementary effect |
| which of the following statements are false about mongrelization? | it is not a form of crossbreeding, the maximum benefits of heterosis will never be achieved. |
| which trait does heterosis have the greatest effect on? | ribeye area, carcass quality |
| what distinguishes breed from purebred? | a breed usually has an established registry; a purebred animal may or may not be recognized with a breed association. |
| which of the following statements is true about the estrous cycle? | it includes estrus and non-estrus |
| which of the following hormones stimulates ovulation? | FSH |
| what are function of the testicles? | sperm cell production, testosterone production |
| how long is the gestation length of the cow? | 9 months |
| which of the following are organs of the female reproductive tract? | cervix, vagina, ovaries |
| what are roles of the male in animal reproduction? | provides sperm |
| where does fertilization occur in mammals? | oviducts |
| which of the following are functions of the uterus? | fetus expulsion, fetus incubation, sperm transport |
| where do pig embryos develop? | uterine horns |
| what structure is one the cow and ewe cervix that protects the fetus from toxins? | mucosal lining |
| which of the following organs are part of the female reproductive and urinary systems? | vagina, vulva, bladder |
| what functions does the endocrine system control? | Lactation, growth |
| which of the following are gonads? | ovaries and testicles |
| which of the following is a function of estrogen? | prepares uterus for implantation |
| which of the following is a function of progesterone? | maintains pregnancy |
| which of the following is a function of FSH? | Stimulates follicle growth |
| where does the corpus luteum form? | on the ovary |
| which of the following is a function of LH? | stimulates ovulation |
| which of the following classes does testosterone belong to? | steroid |
| when is the CL maintained? | when conception occurs |
| what does the anterior pituitary gland produce? | LH, FSH |
| what is the function of the seminiferous tubules? | produce sperm |
| which muscle does the scrotum use to regulate testicular temperature? | cremaster |
| what is the function of the Vas Deferens? | deliver sperm to urethra |
| when are fluids added to the sperm? | prior to ejaculation |
| what is the male organ of copulation? | penis |
| what muscle causes the bull, boar, ram, and buck to be S-shaped? | sigmoid flexure |
| True/ False: the stallion penis contains a lot of erectile tissue | True |
| True/ False: the bull penis changes in size during and erection. | False |
| which animal produces the most sperm? | boar |
| how many sperm does it take to fertilize an ovum? | 1 |
| what is breeding season affected by? | anestrous |
| True/ False: pregnant females continuously cycle. | False |
| which of the following animals give birth only in the fall? | none of the above |
| which of the following are short-day breeders? | sheep |
| which of the following are long-day breeders? | Horses |
| what hormone is affected by day length? | melationin |
| what hormone does melatonin shut off? | FSH. LH, Gonadotropins |
| which of the following statement describes a freemartin | Heifer born twin to bull, Sterile heifer |
| which of the following terms describes dystocia? | difficult labor |
| True/ False: eggs are gestated in poultry. | False |
| True/ False: poultry do not go throughthe estrous cycle | true |
| True/ False: in poultry, the egg and ovum are the same thing. | False |
| in poultry, which of the ovaries is functional? | left ovary |
| which of the following statements describes poultry ovulation? | release of mature yolk from ovary |
| where does fertilization occur in poultry? | infundibulum |
| True/ False: an unfertilized egg will not produce a chick | true |
| which of the following segments of the poultry oviduct describes the magnum? | collects ovum from ovary |
| what systems is the cloaca associated with? | urinary system, digestive system, reproductive system |
| what is the terminal end of the poultry digestive system? | vent |
| True/ False: poultry testes are located outside the body in a sac called the scrotum. | False |
| True/ False: male poultry do not have a penis | True |
| How long can a hen store sperm? | 3 weeks |
| True/ False: to settle is to become pregnant | True |
| gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates ovulation in female mammals and androgen release in male mammals | luteinizing hormone |
| all chromosomes not involved in sex determination | autosomes |
| percent of phenotypic variation due to genotype | heritability |
| value derived from placing different emphases on traits that have economic value | selection index |
| common passage area for reproductive, urinary, and digestive system | cloaca |
| any material that is used as a nutrient source for biological systems | feedstuff |
| surgical excision of one or both testicles or ovaries, performed most frequently to reduce gamete production or hormone secretion | castration |
| long, single strand of nucleotides that plays crucial roles in decoding DNA and transferring genetic information to cytoplasm for protein synthesis | ribonucleic acid |
| a matched pair of chromosomes that have the same gene sequences, with each derived from a separate parent | Homologous chromosomes |
| simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms; widely found in plant and animal tissue | glucose |
| system that functions in support, protection, and movement; important in blood cell formation and mineral storage | skeletal system |
| formation and production of ovum or female reproductive cell | oogenesis |
| circulating level of a hormone resulting in additional release of that hormone or another hormone | positive feedback |
| external sac of skin enclosing testes that functions to keep testes at optimal temperature for sperm production | scrotum |
| study of the chemical processes in living organisms and includes structures and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and other bio-molecules | Biochemistry |
| the study of all biological aspects of food-producing animals | animal science |
| chemical molecule or solution able to accept or donate H+ in order to control the pH of a system | buffer |
| small vessel that allows blood to interact with cells | capillary |
| yellow, progesterone- secreting mass of cells that forms from an ovarian follicle after the release of a mature egg | corpus luteum |
| results from mating animals where positive trait(s) of one animal will correct negative trait(s) of the other animal | complementary effect |
| system that functions in allowing animals to interact with internal and external environments | nervous system |
| animal having only one stomach compartment where low pH protein digestion occurs; examples are humans, poultry, and swine | monogastric |
| order of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule; determines structure of proteins encoded by that DNA | base sequence |
| process of delivering the fetus and placenta from the uterus through the vagina to the outside world | parturition |
| all processes of chemical modifications that occur inside the body or at the cellular level | metabolism |
| genetic evaluations designed to remove environmental differences to allow fair genetic comparisons | performance test |
| naturally occurring complex molecules containing n,c,h,o, and sometimes s and p; made of complex combos of amino acids and lined by peptide bonds | protein |
| visible expression of genes that can be measured | phenotype |
| describes a female that is incapable of producing offspring | barren |
| heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds with 4 nitrogens; with DNA, these are adenine and guanine | purines |
| time period when a female does not cycle or exhibit estrus | anestrous |
| diploid cell resulting from division of an undifferentiated male germ cell | spermatocyte |
| unborn young of vertebrates that have basic structural resemblance to the adult animal | fetus |
| membrane- enclosed cellular organelle that contains multiple DNA molecules that control cell activity by regulating gene expression | nucleus |
| all organelles and other materials within the cell excluding the nucleus and nuclear membrane | cytoplasm |
| long chain of hydrocarbons derived with a single carboxylic group and aliphatic tail that play a critical role in structure and metabolism | fatty acid |
| segmented organ in poultry that collects egg yolk from ovary and forms complete egg | poultry oviduct |
| bond where a pair of electrons are shared between two atoms | covalent bond |
| structures on ruminant uterus where attachment to placenta occurs to facilitate transfer of nutrients | caruncle |
| measure of acidity or basicity of a solution and is related to the molar concentration of dissolved hydrogen ions | pH |
| stage in development marked by development of secondary sex characteristics and the point where females initiate their first estrus and males produce sperm | puberty |
| male or female reproductive cell, either sperm(male) or ovum(female) | gamete |
| biological process that involves the combining of an ovum and sperm | conceoption |
| group of cells that function in movement and heat production | muscle tissue |
| organ designed to filter metabolic waste from blood and produce urine. | Kidney |
| male organ of copulation in higher vertebrates; also used for urine excretion in many mammals | penis |
| study of heredity and variation in living organisms | genetics |
| chemicals secreted by endocrine gland that has a specific effect on another organ(s) in other parts of the body; chemical messengers that control specific actions within the body | hormone |
| steroid hormone secreted by corpus luteum on ovary and by placenta that acts to prepare the uterus for implantation of the zygote, maintain pregnancy, and promote mammary gland development | progesterone |
| non- viable cell produced by division of an undifferentiated female germ cell | polar body |
| traits that are objectively measured and the measure varies along a scale | quantitative trait |
| hormone produced by the pineal gland whose secretion is regulated by photoperiod | melatonin |
Created by:
kaylee_breckling