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biopsych test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The range of electromagnetic energy visible to humans falls between _________ and _________ | 400; 750 NM |
| In humans, the fovea is specialized for detailed vision and contains _____ only | cones |
| photoreceptors are __ in the dark and produce ________ to signal changes in light. | depolarized; graded potentials |
| The breakdown of rhodopsin triggers a decrease in rod cell transmitter release because ______. | cyclic GMP is destroyed through an enzymatic reaction, resulting in the closure of cGMP-dependent Na+ channels causing hyerpolarization of the rod cell. |
| _____ are sensitive to dim light and ______ are sensitive to brightly lit colors. | rods; cones |
| certain cells in the primary visual cortex fire only when a bar of light of a particular orientation appears in a particualr place in the visual field. these cells are called __________. | simple cells |
| iassthe idea that all of the colors in the visible spectrum of light can be represented by varying combinations of ativity among the short, medium and long wavelength cones in the retina? | trichromatic theory |
| the elaborate network of photoreceptors and interneurons at the back of the eye for sensing light is called _________ | retina |
| a 6mm round area in the retina that is not covered by glood vessels and that is specialized for detailed vision | macula |
| a small pit in the MACULA specialized for detailed vision | fovea |
| a photoreceptor that responds to ow light but not color | rod |
| a photoreceptor that operated in bright ligh and responds to color | cone |
| the photopigment found in rods | rhodopsin |
| ability to percieve stimuli under bright light due to activity of the cones | photopic vision |
| the steady depolarization maintained by photoreceptors when no light is present | dark current |
| messenger responsible for maintaining the dark current by opening sodium channels | cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate |
| ____ cells respond to color and high contrast | P |
| _______ cells respond to all wavelengths regardless of color, subtle differences in contrast and stimuli that come and go rapidly | M |
| _______ cells respond to blue and yellow light | K |
| M cells respond to ________. | motion |
| P cells respond to ________. | color/contrast |
| integrates motion and vision. a structure in the tectum of the midbrain that guides movements of the eyes and head toward newly detected objects in the visual field | superior colliculus |
| the nucleus within the thalamus that receives input from the optic tracts. | lateral geniculate nucleus LGN |
| theinability to recognize faces is called ______. | prosopagnosia |
| a column of cortex perpendicular to the cortical surface that responds to input from either the right or left eye, but not to both | occular dominance column |
| a column of primary visual cortex that responds to lines of a single angle. | orientation column |
| a complete set of orientation columns | hypercolumn |
| the concept that an object's color looks the same regardless of the type of light falling on the object | color constancy |
| where the center of the receptive field has the opposite effect on the cell's activity as light in the surround | antagonistic center-surround organization |
| the form taken by retinal after light is absorbed by the rod outer segment | all-trans |
| the form taken by retinal while it is bound to opsin in the absence of light | 11-cis |
| the process of translating a physical stimulus into neural signals | transduction |
Created by:
vojtek