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Unit 4
Legal descriptions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| air lot | A designated airspace over a piece of land. An air lot, like surface property, may be transferred. |
| base line | The main imaginary line running east and west and crossing a principal meridian at a definite point, used by surveyors for reference in locating and describing land under the rectangular (government) survey system of legal description. |
| benchmark | A permanent reference mark or point established for use by surveyors in measuring differences in elevation. |
| datum | A horizontal plane from which heights and depths are measured. The United States Geological Survey (USGS), datum is defined as the mean sea level at New York Harbor. Large cities have local official datum that is used instead of the USGS datum |
| legal description | A legal description is a detailed way of describing a parcel of land for documents such as deeds and mortgages that will be accepted in a court of law. |
| lot-and-block (recorded plat) description | A method of describing real property that identifies a parcel of land by reference to lot and block numbers within a subdivision, as specified on a recorded subdivision plat. |
| metes-and-bounds description | A legal description of a parcel of land that begins at a well-marked point and follows the boundaries, using directions and distances around the tract, back to the place of beginning. |
| monuments | Fixed natural or artificial objects used to establish real estate boundaries for a metes-and-bounds description.Because monuments can be moved, surveyors give their final metes-and-bounds reference in terms of cardinal points and distance. |
| plat map | A map of a town, section, or subdivision indicating the location and boundaries of individual properties. |
| point of beginning (POB) | In a metes-and-bounds legal description, the starting point of the survey, situated in one corner of the parcel; all metes-and-bounds descriptions must follow the boundaries of the parcel back to the point of beginning. |
| principal meridian | The main imaginary line running north and south and crossing a base line at a definite point, used by surveyors for reference in locating and describing land under the rectangular (government) survey system of legal description. |
| rectangular survey system AKA the government survey method | By dividing the land into rectangles, the survey provided land descriptions by describing the rectangle(s) in which the land was located. The system is based on sets of two intersecting lines: principal meridians and base lines. What |
| section | |
| survey | the process by which boundaries are measured by calculating the dimensions and area to determine the exact location of a piece of land. |
| township | |
| Sales contracts, deeds, and mortgages require a more specific (or legally sufficient) description of property to be binding. | A legal description is a detailed way of describing a parcel of land for documents such as deeds and mortgages that will be accepted in a court of law. The description is based on information collected through a survey |
| When is a description legally sufficient? | a description is legally sufficient if it allows a surveyor to locate the parcel. In this context, locate means that the surveyor must be able to define the exact boundaries of the property. |
| What are the three basic methods that can be used to describe real estate? | Metes and bounds Rectangular (or government) survey Lot and block (recorded plat) |
| Can the methods to describe real estate be combined? | Although each method can be used independently, the methods may be combined in some situations. Some states use only one method; others use all three. |
| Methods used in PA are? | In Pennsylvania The methods used are metes and bounds—the oldest type of legal description—and lots and blocks. |
| Metes | Means to measure |
| Bounds | Linear direction |
| What method to describe real estate relies on a properties physical features to determine the boundaries and measurements of the parcel? | Metes and bounds.The metes-and-bounds description is the oldest type of legal description. |
| The __________ and ________________ ______________ starts with a subdivision plat prepared by a licensed surveyor or an engineer | lot block system |
| In the lot and block system once a subdivision plat is prepared what is done next? | The land is divided into numbered or lettered lots and blocks, and streets or access roads for public use are indicated.When properly signed and approved, the subdivision plat is recorded in the county in which the land is located. |
| What three identifiers are used when describing a lot from a recorded subdivision plat? | 1. Lot and block number 2. Name or number of the subdivision plat 3. Name of the county and state. A lot-and-block description always refers to a prior metes-and-bounds description. The lot-and-block system is used, at least in part, in all states. |
| What system is based on sets of two intersecting lines: principal meridians and base lines? | The rectangular (government) survey system |
| Pennsylvania does not describe land using the rectangular survey system. | |
| In Pennsylvania, a land surveyor is a licensed professional who is trained and authorized to locate and determine the legal description of any parcel of land. | The surveyor does this by preparing two documents: a survey and a survey sketch. |
| When a survey also shows the location, size, and shape of buildings on the lot, it is referred to as a _________ ___________ | Spot survey |
| Feet in one mile? | 5,280 feet |
| Yards in one mile? | 1,760 yards |
| Feet in one rod? | 16.5 feet |
| Square feet in one acre? | 43, 560 square feet |
| Square feet in a square yard? | 9 square feet |
| Square inches in square foot? | 144 square inches |
| Cubic feet in cubic yard? | 27 cubic feet |
| One section equals 1 mile sqaure | |
| Acres in 1 mile square? | 640 acres |
| Acres in quarter section? | 160 acres |
| Because legal descriptions, once recorded, affect title to real estate, they should be prepared only by a professional surveyor. | Real estate licensees who attempt to draft legal descriptions create potential risks for themselves and their clients and customers. |
| The _________________ laws passed in all states require that a registered land surveyor prepare a plat map that shows the elevations of floor and ceiling surfaces and the vertical boundaries of each unit with reference to an official datum | Condominium. A unit's floor, for instance, might be 60 feet above the datum and its ceiling, 69 feet. Typically, a separate plat is prepared for each floor in the condominium building. |
| Benchmarks are permanent reference points that have been established throughout the United States. They are usually embossed brass markers set into solid concrete or asphalt bases. | While used to some degree for surface measurements, their principal reference use is for marking datums. |
Created by:
mimi771