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Chapter 22
Scientific Revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the main steps of the scientific method? | Hypothesis, experiment, analyze. |
| How did the heliocentric theory of the universe differ from the geocentric theory? | Heliocentric- The sun is the center of the universe Geocentric- The Earth is the center of the universe |
| Why might institutions of authority tend to reject new ideas? | In order to keep authority and remain the most powerful |
| Which events or circumstance do you consider to be the most significant? Why? | The age of exploration was the most important because it lead to advances in math and science. |
| "If I have seen farther than others," said Newton, "it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants." Could this be said of most scientific accomplishments? Explain. | I don't think so because all scientific accomplishments were discovered and accomplished in their own way, not because of what Newton said, and maybe only Newton's accomplishments may have been discovered by his quote. |
| Before the 1500's, who and what were the final authorities with regard to most knowledge? | The church leaders. |
| Do you agree with Galileo's actions during his Inquisition? Explain. | I think Galileo was right because he worked very hard to prove his point and stood up for what he believed in even when they went to great extents. |
| What was the legacy of the enlightenment? | It brought great change to many aspects of the Western civilization. People started questioning religion and using logic and reason to solve their ideas and problems. |
| Which impact of the Enlightenment do you consider the most important? Why? | Mary Woolstonecrafts ideas because she argued that women and men should be treated equally and fairly and should get the same amount of education. |
| Why might some women have been critical of the Enlightenment? | Because women were starting to realize that they were just as important as men. |
| Who were the philosophes and what did they advocate? | Locke- people learn from their mistakes Voltaire- freedom of speech and religion Woolstonecraft-Fought for womens rights Rousseau- all men are born free but are still chained Montesquie- Britain was the most politically balanced country |
| Do you think the philosophes were optimistic about the future of mankind? Explain. | Yes, because each philosopher had their way of thinking and how ideas work and how mankind would evolve around those ideas. |
| Explain how the following statement reflects Enlightenment ideas: "Power should be a check to power" | The church shouldn't control everything and everyone and make up rules and everything shouldn't revolve around the church. |
| What are the natural rights with which people are born, according to John Locke? | Life, liberty and property |
| What were the defining aspects of neoclassical art? | Use of richer colors, process of paint application , realistic portraits and details. |
| In what way were the enlightened deposts less than true reformers? | Both promoted nonviolent protest. |
| What are two generalizations you could make about the spread of Enlightenment ideas? | -Their ideas were expanded after they were discussed at salons -She worked with enlightenment thinkers and was friends with them |
| Why were several rulers in the 18th century Europe known as Enlightened deposts? | Some rulers liked the ideas of an enlightened government, but few refused to give up any of their absolute power. |
| How did the Encyclopedia project reflect the age of Enlightenment? | Because it added in new words and meanings that people could look at and eventually expand into new languages and meanings. |
| What advantages did salons have over earlier forms of communication in spreading ideas? | Because they had the support of the people and they met in private drawing rooms where they could discuss enlightenment ideas before telling them to the public. |
| What new form of literature emerged during the 18th century and what were its main characteristics? | Novels which were works of fiction with plots that used suspense and exploring the characters thoughts and feelings. It was all fiction (fake). |
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21sbarone