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Chapter 22
The Englightenment of Europe
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the Scientific Revolution? | It was a major change in European thought. |
| What was the Heliocentric Theory? | It was the idea that the earth and all the other planets revolve around the sun. |
| What was the Scientific Method? | It was a logical procedure for gathering information about the natural world. |
| How did the heliocentric theory of the universe differ from the geocentric theory? | The heliocentric theory says that all the planets and stars revolve around the sun, but not in perfect circular paths like the geocentric theory. |
| What are the main steps of the scientific method? | Begins with a problem or question, arising from an observation. Scientists form a hypothesis Then it is tested They analyze their data to reach a new conclusion |
| Why might institutions of authority tend to reject new ideas? | It might go against church teachings and other people might agree with them and rebel against the church. |
| Why might some women have been critical of the Enlightenment? | Because women were starting to realize that they were just as important as men. Mary Wollstonecraft argued that women's rights and education was just as important as men's. |
| What was the legacy of the Enlightenment? | It brought great change to many aspects of the Western civilization. People started questioning religion and using logic and reason to solve their ideas and problems. |
| Which impact of the Enlightenment do you consider most important? Why? | I think Mary Wollstonecraft ideas were the most important because back then, women were secondary to men but she argued that women and men should be treated equally and fairly and should get the same amount of education. |
| Who was Voltaire? | French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church. |
| Who was Catherine the Great? | Was the ruler of Russia from 1762-1796, Read the works of philosophes, and she exchanged many letters with Voltaire. Presented Russia's laws with a brilliant proposal for reforms based on the ideas of Montesquieu and Beccaria. |
| Who was Fredrick the Great? | Granted many religious freedoms, reduced censorship, and improved education, he believed that serfdom was wrong, but he did nothing to end it since he needed the support of wealthy landowners. |
| What was Diderot's Encyclopedia? | A book to which many leading scholars of Europe contributed articles and essays. |
| What was Baroque? | A grand Ornate design. |
| Where were the ideas of Artists and Architect originate from? | Classical Greece and Rome. |
| What did the philosophes and Voltaire believe in about the government? | That the best form of government was a monarchy in which the ruler respected the people's rights. |
| What did the philosophes try to convince the monarch's to do? | They tried tell them to rule justly. |
| What was one of Fredrick the Greats goals? | He wanted to strengthen his country. |
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