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Biochemistry LO1

Structure and function of biological molecules

TermDefinition
Nucleic Acids Macromolecules built up from nucleotide subunits which are joined together to form long unbranched chains.
What are the two types of nucleic acid? Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) & ribonucleic acid (RNA)
What are the nucleotide subunits? A pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphoric acid
What pentose sugar is found in RNA? A ribose sugar that has 5 oxygen atoms and the formula of C5H10O5
What pentose sugar is found in DNA? A deoxyribose sugar that has 4 oxygen atmons (lacking an oxygen on carbon 2) and has a formula of C5H10O4
What are the two purine bases? Adenine and Guanine
What are the three pyrimidine bases? Cytosine, Thymine (DNA) and Uracil (RNA)
There is two condensation reactions to form a nucleoside and then a nucleotide, what type of reactions are these? Condensation reactions, which both form strong covalent bonds
During the formation of a nucleoside, what bond forms? (carbon 1 of the sugar and the nitrogenous base) N-glycosidic bond
What bond forms in the formation of a nucleotide ( carbon 5 of the sugar and the phosphate) Phosphoester bond
What is DNA a polymer of? Deoxyribonucleotides
Nucleotides are joined by carbon-3 of the pentose sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of the next nucleotide, producing a sugar phosphate backbone. What kind of bond joins them? Covalent bonds
The formation of the polynucleotide by a series of condensation reactions results in a which bond forming? Phosphodiester bond.
How many hydrogen bonds are between adenine and thymine? Two
How many hydrogen bonds are between guanine and cytosine? Three
Created by: Cleggat
 

 



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