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Chapter 21
Absolute Monarchs in Europe
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which condition is probably most necessary for a monarch to gain power? Why? | Conditions- Decline of feudalism, colonial wealth, religious conflicts, and territorial conflicts. Most necessary condition- Decline of feudalism, because local rulers had to become weak for a single figure to become monarch and centralize power. |
| What is the significance of England’s defeat of the Spanish Armada? | It weakened Spain and opened the way for more European ventures in the Americas. |
| Why did the Dutch revolt against Spain? | Because Philip II raised taxes and tried to crush Protestantism. |
| Why did absolute monarchs believe that they were justified in exercising absolute power? | Because they believed their power was God-given. |
| What does the art described in this section reveal about the cultures of Spain and the Netherlands? | Religion and the monarchy were central to Spanish culture. Merchants, civic leaders, and the middle class were prominent in the culture of the Netherlands. |
| Define Absolute monarch. | a king or queen who has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of Society. |
| Who was Phillip II? | King of Spain. Defended the Church and increased the power/wealth of the Spanish Empire. |
| Define Divine right. | The idea that monarchs are God’s representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God. |
| What role did religion play in the struggle between the Spanish and the Dutch? | Philip II thought it his duty to defend Catholicism and tried to crush Protestantism in the Netherlands. |
| How did the lack of a middle class contribute to the decline of Spain’s economy? | There were few business people to stimulate economic growth at home or to promote trade abroad. |
| What was the Edict of Nantes? | a 1598 declaration in which the French king Henry IV promised that Protestants could live in peace in France and could set up houses of worship in some French cities. |
| Which events on your timeline strengthened the French Monarchy? Which weakened it? | Strengthened - 1643 Louis XIV becomes king; 1661, Louis takes control of government. Weakened - 1701-1713, War of Spanish Succession |
| What impact did the French religious wars have on French thinkers? | It turned the French thinkers toward skepticism. |
| How did Jean Baptiste Colbert intend to stimulate economic growth in France? | He intended to stimulate economic growth in France with mercantilist policies to make France self-sufficient. |
| What was the result of the War of the Spanish Succession? | France and Spain were not allowed to unite ; Britain gained Gibraltar; Austrian Hapsburgs took spanish Netherlands. |
| Many historians think of Louis XIV as the perfect example of an absolute monarch. Do you agree? Explain why or why not. | Agree- He controlled the economy, regulated worship, weakened the nobility, and built a magnificent palace to show his power. |
| How did the policies of Colbert and Louis XIV affect the French economy? Explain both positive and negative effects. | Helped - built up and protected French industries Hurt - Drove out Huguenots and overspent on buildings and wars. |
| To what extent did anti-Protestantism contribute to Louis’s downfall? | Cancelling the Edict of Nantes cost France many skilled workers, and wars against Protestant countries damaged the French economy. |
Created by:
gtaveroni