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Chemistry Chapter 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dalton's Atomic Theory Part 1 | 1. All matter is made of small particles called atoms |
| Dalton's Atomic Theory Part 2 | 2. All atoms in an element are identical |
| Dalton's Atomic Theory Part 3 | 3. Atoms cannot be created, divided, or destroyed |
| Dalton's Atomic Theory Part 4 | 4. Different atoms combine to make compounds |
| Dalton's Atomic Theory Part 5 | 5. Chemical reaction-atoms are separated or combined |
| Democritus's Ideas Part 1 | 1. Matter is composed of empty space through which atoms move. |
| Democritus's Ideas Part 2 | 2. Atoms are solid, homogeneous, indestructible, and indivisible. |
| Democritus's Ideas Part 3 | 3. Different kinds of atoms have different sizes and shapes. |
| Democritus's Ideas Part 4 | 4. The differing properties of matter are due to the size, shape, and movement of atoms. |
| Democritus's Ideas Part 5 | 5. Apparent changes in matter result from changes in the groupings of atoms and not from changes in the atoms themselves. |
| Atom | The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of the element. |
| Cathode Ray | A ray of radiation that originates from the cathode and travels to the anode of a cathode ray tube. |
| Electron | Negatively charged particles that are part of all forms of matter. |
| Nucleus | A small, positively charged, dense center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons. It is surrounded by empty space through which electrons move. |
| Proton | A subatomic particle in the nucleus with a 1+ charge |
| Neutron | A neutral subatomic particle in the nucleus with the same mass as the protons |
| Atomic Number | The number of protons in an atom. This determines what element it is. It is the number above the symbol on a periodic table and determines where it is on the periodic table. atomic number=number of protons=number of neutrons |
| Isotope | Atoms with the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons. |
| Mass Number | Sum of protons and neutrons in a nucleus. The number is added after the element's name to distinguish which isotope it is. |
| Atomic Mass Unit (amu) | One-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom |
| Atomic Mass | The weighted average mass of the isotopes of that element |
| Cathode Ray Tube Experiment-process | A tube is filled with low pressure gas. An electrode at each end is attached to a battery. Light flashes from the cathode ray |
| Cathode Ray Tube Experiment-results | 1. Particles of the ray are in all matter 2.Cathode rays are streams of charged particles 3. These particles carry a negative charge |
| J.J. Thompson | Discovered the existence of subatomic particles using cathode ray tube experiments. Plum Pudding Model |
| Robert Millikan | Determined each electron was 1- charge and calculated an electron's mass |
| Plum Pudding Model | Negatively charged electrons were distributed thought a uniform positive charge. |
| Ernest Rutherford | Used gold foil experiment to disprove the plum pudding model. Discovered the nucleus. |
| Gold Foil Experiment-process | A beam of alpha particles is aimed at a gold foil. A zinc sulfide screen surrounds the foil and marks where the alpha particles hit. |
| Gold Foil Experiment-results | Some alpha particles deflected at large angles. Nuclear Atom Model developed |
| Nuclear Atom Model | Most of an atoms is electrons moving rapidly through empty space surrounding a nucleus and are held to the atom by their attraction to the positively charged nucleus. |
| James Chadwick | Discovered neutrons |
| Subatomic Particles | Electrons, protons, and neutrons that make up all atoms |
| Calculate number of protons | atomic number = number of protons = number of electrons |
| Calculate number of electrons | atomic number = number of protons = number of electrons |
| Calculate number of neutrons | Mass number - atomic number = number of neutrons |
| Mass of an Electron | .000549 amu |
| Mass of a Proton | 1.007 amu |
| Mass of a Neuton | 1.008 amu |
| Oil Drop Experiment-results | determined the charge of an electron |
| Rutherford's Proton Experiment | Gold Foil Experiment |
| Chadwick's Neutron Experiment | Using scatter measurements |
Created by:
Lachelle
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