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Urinary & body fluid
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The presence of crenated RBCs in the urine sediment is associated with: | Hypersthenuria |
| Dilute alkaline urine should be examined carefully for the presence of: | Ghost RBCs |
| The presence of hypochromic, irregularly shaped RBCs in the urine sediment can indicate: | Glomerular bleeding |
| The type of cells that line the bladder and ureters are called: | Transitional |
| The organisms attached to a clue cell are: | Gardnerella vaginitis |
| The type of cell most likely to appear stained with bilirubin is: | Renal tubular |
| The major constituent of urinary casts is: | Uromodulin protein |
| Urinary casts are formed in the: | Distal and collecting tubules |
| Diseases affecting the glomerulus are primarily caused by: | Immunological disorders |
| The buildup of crescentic formations in the glomerular capillaries is characteristics of: | rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis |
| A renal disease associated with heroin abuse is: | focal segemnted glomerulosclerosis |
| blood tests can be used to confirm the diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis because of the detection of: | Antistreptococcal antibodies |
| goodposture syndrome and wegener's granulomatosis are associated with the presence of which of the following in the urine sediment? | RBC casts |
| the presence of which of the following crystals can be associated with nephatic syndrome? | choleserol crystals |
| Glomerular basement membrane thickening occurs in membranous glomerulonephritis as a result of deposition of: | IgG immune complexes |
| Oval body fat bodies and fatty casts are characteristic urine sedimentt constituents in patients with: | Nephrotic syndrome |
| Glucosuria and generalized aminoaciduria are characteristics of: | Fanconi syndrome |
| which inherited renal disorder manifests itself to the development of gout in teenage years? | Uromodulin-associated kidney disease |
| the presence of incresed renal tubular epithelial cell casts is most indicative of: | Acute tubular necrosis |
| infection of the bladder is termed? | Cystitis |
| Cystitis can be differentiated from pyeloneohritis by: | The presence of WBCs casts |
| The most serious tubulointerstitial disorder is: | Chornic pyelonephritis |
| The abnormal metabolite that is presnt in the urine in alkaptonuria is: | homogentistic acid |
| Disorders caused by defects in the phenylalanine-tyrosine pathway: | Alkaptonuira |
| Initial screening for PKU performed on newborns before their discharge from the hospital uses a blood sample rather than a urine sample because: | Increased serum phenylalanine canbe detected earlier |
| A positive Guthrie test is interpreted by observing: | Bacterial growth occurs around the positive control disc and the patient disc |
| A false-positive reaction for urinary ketones could be present in patients who have: | Melanuria |
| A positive urine Clinitest reaction can be seen in patients with: | Alkaptonuria |
| A disease that causes large amounts of branched-chain amino acids to be excreted in the urine is: | Maple syrup urine disease |
| The types of organic acidemias include: | Isovaleric, methylmalonic, and propionic acidemia |
| The finding of persistent ketonuria in a newborn is: | associated with methylmalonic aciduria |
| The presence of argentaffin cell tumors can be detected by the presence in the urine of: | 5-HIAA |
| The finding of a "blue diaper" is indicative of a defect in metabolism of: | tryptophan |
| Abnormal amounts if indigo blue in the urine are indicative of a defect in the metabolism of: | tryptophan |
| Patients who produce kidney stones at an early age should be tested for the presence of: | cystinuria |
| Porphyrins are intermediary compounds in the formation of: | heme |
| The most common cause of acquired porphyria is: | lead poisioning |
| Which of the following compounds does not react directly with either Ehrlich's reagent or fluoresence? | Aminolevulinic acid |
| The concept of vampires is associated with: | Porhyrias |
| Hurler's and Sanfilippo's syndromes present with mental retardation and increased urinary? | mucopolysaccharides |
| The presence of "orange sand" in an infant's diaper is indicative of: | Lesch-Nyhan disease |
| Where is CSF formed and what is reabsorbed by? | Choroid plexuses, arachnoid granulations |
| A broad spectrum of reactive and nonreactive lymphocytes in the CSF is associated with what disease? | viral meningitis |
| The presence of hemosiderin containing macrophages in CSF indicates: | Cerebral hemorrhage |
| The recommended centrifugation setting for the preparation of the urine sediment is: | 5 minutes, 400 RCF |
| The number of fields that should be examined when quantitating urinary sediment constitients is: | 10 |
| the two factors that determine relative centrifugal force are: | radius of rotorhead and rpm |
| a lipid droplet that does not stain with Sudan lll may be composed of: | cholestrol |
| the purpose of scanning the perimeter of urine sediment placed under a conventional glass slide is: | not to miss the cast |
| the most probable structures to be stained by Prussian blue stain are: | RTE cells |
| the purpose of including glucose as a significant chemical parameter by a laboratory that performs macroscopic screening is: | candula albicans |
| 10 mL of urine is centrifuged, and 9.5 mL of urine is decanted. the sediment concentration factor is: | 20x |
| calculation of the number of RBCs per milliliter of urine requires knowledge of all of the following except: | speed of centrufgation |
| centrifugation of less than the recommneded 12 mL of urine for microscopic examination will: | decrease the number of cellular elements |
| to detect th presence of casts, the sediment is examined using: | reduced light under low power |
| identification of oval fat bodies can be verified using: | polarized light |
| what is the final magnification of HPF: | 400x |
| a patient with severe back pain and 15 to 20 RBCs/hpf in the urine sediment may have: | renal calculi |
| glitter cell is a term used to describe a specific type of: | neutrophil |
| urine sediments containing increased WBCs should be observed closely for the presence of: | bacteria |
| the type of cells that line the bladder and ureters are called: | transitional |
| mental retardation is a symptom of: | down syndrome |
| the functions of CSF include: | CSF protects brain and spinal cord from trauma, CSF supplies nutrients to nervous system tissue, CSF removes waste products from cerebral metabolism. |
| where is CSF formed and what is reabsorbed by? | chroid plexus, arachnoid granulations |
| the average volume of CSF in an adult is: | 90-150 mL |
| xanthochromic CSF specimen will appear_____ and _____ | yellow;clear |
| the third tube of CSF collected from a lumbar puncture should be used for: | hematology test |
| nucleated RBCs seen in the CSF indicate: | bone marrow contamination during the spinal tap |
| Hyaline casts may degenerate into: | Waxy casts |
| The major cause of nephrotic syndrome in children is: | Minimal change disease |
| What is the normal pH range for semen? | 7.2-8.0 |
| Test for fetal lung maturity reference method? | RDS A, L/S, FOAM TEST OR SHAKE TEST, PG, AND LUMELLAR BODIES |
| What is found in Crystal formation in joints? | Gout |
| Extrudes: | Fluid that leaked around the cells causing inflammation (CHF) |
| Transudate: | Fluid pushed through the capillaries due to high pressure. (Nephrotic syndrome) |
Created by:
Mtc