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Jazz HIstory S.guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Be able to discuss why jazz is an African-American art form. | Four main factors: call and response, timbre variations, blue notes and polyrhythm |
| Know about the Gullah culture in coastal South Carolina. | Descendants of slaves from Angola, lived off of the main land in the Carolinas. Had their own music, culture and language. Preserved many African traditions. |
| Know the primary differences between country blues and vaudeville, or ‘classic’ blues. | Country blues had one male singer and a guitar. C section of songs could go on forever Vaudeville blues had a female singer and a band behind her. Much more fluid |
| Discuss Bessie Smith’s contributions to blues and jazz. | She is the first Blues and Jazz diva. She had a hot temper. She is famous for the growl and sliding notes. Many musicians, whether they know it or not, have been following her. |
| Know about minstrelsy and what connections it had to early jazz. | most popular form of entertainment. Stereotypes today. Musicians would impersonate blacks and southern life plantations. were brought to the North, and became popular. Black face was used. black musicians started careers in these bands touring. |
| Understand that European countries owned New Orleans, and the influence the colonists had on the cultural make-up of the city. | Spanish and France. Cross cultures. A carribean city, watery and with many colliding cultures. Cultural gumbo. Creole class. Street names, architecture and more. Immigrants would mix with the blacks there, music styles collided too. |
| How did the advent of electrical recording influence how jazz records were made? | more clear and easier to hear each instrument. Acustic recordings before muddled sounds, and if too loud, it wouldn’t transfer on the wax tapes. Electric recordings allowed for records to be true and were high quality. Music be produced shared faster. |
| Know about Paul Whiteman and his concept of ‘Symphonic Jazz.’ | first Jazz celebrity composer. wanted to hire black musicians, but couldn’t so he hired black composers. He wanted to make jazz into a lady, he brought in string elements. He made it acceptable and one of the most popular music genres of his time. |
| ‘Symphonic Jazz.’ | This is where the symphonic part comes in. He expanded the instrumentation of a jazz band, smoothed the edges and diluted the negative connotations and stereotypes associated with Jazz. Added strings, orchestration |
| Discuss the contributions of west-coast bandleader Art Hickman and his important contribution to the early big-band ensemble. | made saxophones a key part of the jazz band. Before, it was used as a comical instrument made it essential to jazz. |
| Which two jazz superstars were in Fletcher Henderson’s big band? | Armstrong and Coleman Hawkins |
| What is a distinguishing characteristic of nearly all of Duke Ellington’s music? | Programmed, music attempted to link to certain people, events or places. He also had elements of jazz in most of his music. |
| Know the importance of the Harlem stride piano style, who were the main performers and composers, and how it influenced the emerging big band style of the 1920’s and ’30’s. | Main composer was James P Johnson. He is the father of stride piano. Other performers include Ellington, Waller and Willie the lion smith. It influenced Jazz by making it a key element of the big band style. |
| What common features of African-American folk music are present in nearly all styles of jazz? | Polyrythm, call and response, timbre variation and blue notes |
| Know about the brass band and the compositional structure it gave to jazz. | Brass band gave the form and style structure that influenced jazz. The structure is typically AABBCCDD and the C section is called the trio. |
| Know about ‘race’ records and which audience they were marketed to in the 1920’s. | Race records were made by blacks for blacks |
| Bandleader James Reese Europe was employed by which two New York dance instructors? | Irene and Vernon Castle |
| Know the instrumentation of a typical New Orleans jazz band. | First line: trumpet, trombone, clarinet. Then tuba, drums and sax in the back |
| Bing Crosby was hired by what bandleader? | Paul Whiteman |
| James P. Johnson composed which test piece, that aspiring stride-pianists had to perform? | Carolina Shout |
| Be able to discuss how jazz can be an art music, folk music, and a popular music. | Art: studied in institutions, Folk: traditions passed down from generations Popular: commercial at one time |
| Be able to explain the differences/similarities between the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band, and Jelly Roll Morton’s Red Hot Peppers. Also cite the names of the tunes we listened to in class that each band had recorded. | ODJB: Dixiland Jass Band One Step white, comical aspects, no improve ---King Olivers Creole Jazz Band: snake rag, ensemble recorded no perform. Louis armstrongs first big gig --Jelly Roll Morton: deadman blues, 1st to notate, electrical recording apex jaz |
| Down Home Rag is by | Wilbur Sweatsman |
| Original Dixieland Jass Band ODBJ plays | Dixie Jass Band One Step |
| Deadman Blues is By | Jelly Roll Morton and the Red Hot Peppers |
| Snake Rag is by | King Oliver |
| Copenhagan is by | Fletcher Henderson |
| You've got to be modernistic is by | james p johnson |
| what year did france first found NOLA | 1718 |
| What year did france sell NOLA to spain | 1763 |
| What year did France reclaim NOLA | 1803 |
| What year did US buy NOLA | 1803. |
| who had only recordings and no live performances | jelly roll moreton and |
| Cake Walking Babies from Home is BY | Sidney Bechet and Red Onion Jazz Babies |
| what three things was NY JAzz | commercial, sociological and musical |
| what were the main avenues for stride pianists | rent parties |
| what form is brassband | 16-bar march |
| secondary ragtime | while the meter is duple the meoldy of insistenstly repeats a pattern of 3 notes implying cross rhythm |
| what is folk music | urban, stems from african traditions |
| 2 types of spirituals | polished and pentacostal unpolished |
| what is the form of the blues | three line stanza AAB, 12 bar blues also common |
| who was W.C Handy | wrote St. LOuis blues |
| Who was James Reese Europe | bandleader with ragtime orchestras, made dances approachable for white people |
| What did James Reese Europe do with the war | FOught in WWI, made a band called Hell FIres, one of the first to perform |
| Who wrote stars and stripes forever | SOusa |
| Sweatsmans hidden talent | he could play three clarients at once |
| who was buddy bulden | first important jazz musician, played trumpet and cornet, taught all the greats, no one before him |
| what was the dividing street in lousisnana | canal street |
| who was the first jazz musician to travel widely | freddie kappard |
| sidney bechet | first great improvisationist |
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