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Chapter 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| assimilation | Groups incorporated into the mainstream culture |
| James Banks | focus specifically on developing a multicultural curriculum |
| bilingual education | The use of two languages for instruction |
| cultural difference theory | asserts that academic problems can be overcome if educators study and meditate the cultural gap separating school and home |
| cultural pluralism | a recognition that some groups voluntarily or involuntarily have maintained their culture and their language |
| culturally responsive teaching | focuses on the learning strengths of students and meditates the frequent mismatch between home and school cultures |
| culture | a set of learned beliefs values symbols and behaviors a way of life shared by members of a society |
| deficit theory | is that certain students do poorly in school because of their cultural social or linguistic background |
| demographic forecasting | the study of people and their vital statistics predicts that by 2030 almost half the school population will be from Non European ethnic groups |
| dual language instruction | from kindergarten through twelfth grade, although few exist at the secondary level |
| English as a second Language | supplements immersion programs by providing special pullout classes for additional instruction in reading and writing English |
| English Language Learners | are enrolled in public elementary and secondary schools (about 10 percent of school enrollment) and the number is steadily increasing |
| English only movement | As a result an English only movement has emerged |
| ethnicity | refers to shared common cultural traits such as language religion and dress |
| expectation theory | believe that some children do poorly because their teachers do not expect much of kids from certain racial and ethnic groups |
| generalizations | recognize that there are trends over large numbers of people |
| immersion | instruction is exclusively in english |
| Ladson Billings Gloria | developed three promising culturally responsive principles for teaching not only African American children but others as well |
| language submersion | either students learned to speak english as they sat in class or they failed school an approach sometimes referred to as language submersion |
| lau v nichols | this class action lawsuit centered on kinney lau and 1800 other chinese students from the San Francisco area who were failing their courses because they could not understand English |
| maintenance (developmental)approach | designed to help children develop academic skills in both their native language and English |
| multicultural education | Today there are many dimensions to multicultural education |
| multiracial | claiming ancestors from two or more races |
| Julio Carlos Ovando | had emigrated from Nicaragua and was anxious to show his teachers what he knew |
| race | refers to a group of individuals sharing a common socially determined category often related to genetic attributes physical appearance and ancestry |
| stereotypes | are absolute beliefs that all members of a group have a fixed set of characteristics |
| sterotype threat | measure of how social context such as self image trust in others and a sense of belonging can influence academic performance |
| transitional approach | uses the native language as bridge to English language instruction |
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renee1127