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synovial joints
Articular formation and function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| linear motion | gliding. tip can move |
| angular motion | shaft changes its angle with surface |
| circumduction | type of angular motion making wide circle |
| rotation | shaft rotates |
| 3 possible types of movements | lindear (gliding), angular, rotation |
| monaxial | articulation that permits movemetn along only one axis |
| what are the ways that synovial joints are described? | gliding, hinge, pivot, ellipsoidal, saddle, ball-and-socket joints |
| i.e. of gliding synovial joint | acromioclavicular and claviculosternal joints |
| i.e. of hinge synovial joint | elbow, knee, ankle joints |
| i.e. of pivot jiont. | atlos/axis |
| i.e. of ellipsoidal joint. | radiocarpal joint |
| i.e. of saddle joint | first carpometacarpal joint |
| i.e. of ball and socket joint | shoulder joint, hip joint |
| what is an articulation? | joint. doesn't have to move. where one bone meets another bone. |
| 3 types of articulations | 1. synarthroses 2. amphiarthroses 3. diarthroses/synovial joint |
| what type of movement do synarthroses articulations give? | no movement |
| what type of movement do amphiarthroses articulations give? | slight movement |
| what type of movement do diarthroses/synovial articulations give? | multiple ranges of movement |
| 3 types of synarthroses? | sutures, comphosis, synchondrosis |
| sutures synarthroses? | 2 bones joined with fibrous tissue i.e. in skull |
| gomphosis synarthroses? | ligament holds bones together. i.e. teeth held to sockets |
| synchondrosis synarthroses? | cartilage between 2 bones (hyaline cartilage) i.e. epiphess and shaft of diaphysis (epiphyseal line) |
| 2 types of amphiarthroses? | syndesmosis, synthesis |
| syndesmosis amphiarthroses? | ligament attaches 2 bones. i.e. between tibia and fibula |
| syntesis amphiarthroses? | fibral cartilage connects 2 bones i.e. between pubic bones (slight movement during childbirth) i.e. intervertebral cartilage |
| types of diarthroses/synovial joints | monoaxial, biaxial, triaxil, multiaxial or nonaxial |
| articular capsule | membrane that lies on outside, shells bone (synovial joint) |
| synovial membrane | (facing inside capsule, covers joint |
| synovial fluid | hyaluronic acid. most abundent compound inside. proteins |
| what are the important structures of a synovial joint? | articular capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, articular cartilage, meniscus, fat pads, ligamentes, bursae, blood vessles and nerves |
| what are the functions of synovial fluid? | 1. lubrication 2. nutrient/waste regulation and exchange |
| what is the purpose of articular cartilage? | 1. reduce friction |
| what is the purpose of the meniscus? | help support joint, channel flow of synovial fluid |
| 2 types of ligaments in synovial joints? | 1. intracapuslar 2. extracapsular |
| what are the functions of fat pads? | 1. cushioning 2. shock absorption |
| what are busae? | small pockets of synovial fluidseperate from the articular capsule. lined by synovial membrane. located where tendon or ligament rubs against other tissues |
| purpose of bursae? | reduce friction between bones or muscles & bones |
| what is bursitis? | inflamation of a bursa. synovial membrane gets inflamed and causes pain and difficulty in moving |
| what does a ligament do in a synovial joint? | stabilizes the joint, effects movement. |
| what is an edema? | when fluid accumulate abnormally in cell. it can heppen in joints |
| what are the important structure outside the articular capsule of the tibiofermoral joint? | fibular collateral ligament, tibial collateral ligament, pateller ligament, quadriceps tendon, supropatellar bursa, |
| what's the proper name for the knee joint? | tibiofermoral joint |
| what are the important structure inside the articular capsule of the tibiofermoral joint? | artilcular cartilages, lateral and medial menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament |
| what happens when you hyperextend the tibiofermoral joint? | you injure the ACL |
| what's the proper name for the shoulder joint? | rotator cuff, glenal humeral joint |
| what are the important structures outside the articular capsule of the shoulder joint? | coracoaromial, acromioclavicular, coracoclavicular ligments, subacromial busa, subcoracoid bursa, |
| important structures inside the articular capsule of the rotator cuff | articular cartilage, labrum, articular capsul, synovial membrane, |
| how is the rotar cuff/glenal humeral joint different from the tibiofemoral joint? | it has more ligaments and bursae, does not have menisci |
| function of glenoidal labrum? | extension of articular cartilage that helps joint be more moveable |
| what is arthritis? | inflammation of the joints |
| what are the 2 types of arthritis? | rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis |
| osteoarthritis | common. occurs in aging people. cause unknown. articular cartilage deteriorates & bone spurs develop |
| rheumatoid arthritis | inflammation of synovial membrane, which causes breaking down of cartilage. synovial membrane increases in size and causes parrus. can spread to other membranes. |
| parrus | swelling of synovial membrane (rheumtoid arthritis) |
| treatment of rheumatoid arthitis? | surgery to remove parrus |
| which type of arthritis seems more deformed looking? | rheumetoid arthritis |
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2ND TESTS