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Instrument Design
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 parts of the instrument? | Handle, Shank, Working End |
| Handle | Provides an area to grasp instrument |
| Shank | Connects handle with working end, allows adaptation of the working end to the tooth surface, design features of the shank reflect the intended use of the instrument. Angled, curved, or straight |
| Working End | Part that contacts tooth, does all the work |
| Double-Ended Instrument | Two instruments on each end of handle |
| Paired Instrument | Two instruments that are the same (mirror image) |
| Unpaired Instrument | Two different instruments on each end (probe and explorer) |
| Diameter of Shank | Plays a role in deposit removal |
| Rigidity of shank | Determined by diameter of shank |
| Terminal Shank | Portion of shank closest to the blade (working end) Adapts instrument to the tooth |
| Angulation | Relationship of the face of the working end to the shank |
| Advantages of double ended instruments? | Less instruments Few instrument changes |
| Disadvantages of double ended instruments? | Less useful if one end breaks Care must be taken not to injure patient when changing ends |
| Disadvantages of single-ended instruments? | Need twice as many instruments Reduce time motion efficiency |
| Thicker shank diameter | Heavier deposit removal |
| Thinner shank diameter | Light deposit removal, root surface debridement |
| Hollow instruments | larger handles, feather weight, easier to handle, better tactile sensitivity making it easier to detect calculus |
| Solid instruments | skinny, heavier, conduct less vibrations, tactile sensitivity not as great |
| Angulation of shank | Curved to permit instrument use in area of restricted access; the more restricted the access is to an area, the greater the number of shank angles |
| Type of shank angulations | Straight shank (simple shank) Multiple bends in shank (complex shank) |
| Cross-sectional Shape of working end | half moon, half circle (curette) triangular (scaler) cylindrical (probe & explorer trapezoid |
| Tip of working end | blunt, nib (probe) sharp pin point (scaler & explorer) rounded toe (curette) |
| Back of working end | angled/point (scaler & explorer) rounded (curette) |
| Cutting edge | Formed by junction of the face and lateral sides |
| Instruments without cutting edges | detection instruments - probe and explorer |
| Instruments with cutting edges | one or more - scalers and curettes |
| Cutting edges on curettes | meet at rounded toe |
| Cutting edges on scalers | meet at pointed tip |
| Blade balance | center of the blade should be centered on or within 3mm of the long axis of the handle - easier to work and more stable |
| Angulation perpendicular to shank | 90 degrees; universal curette and scaler two cutting edges |
| Angulation offset at an angle to shank | 60-70 degrees; gracey curette (lower end) one cutting edge |
| Blade width | from cutting edge to cutting edge |
| Blade thickness | from face to back |
| Pocket Depth | determines blade size choices of thick or thin and fitting into the pocket |
| Scalers | -pointed tip -triangular cross-section -90 degrees to terminal shank -two cutting edges -pointed back -shank 90 degrees to face |
| Jacquette Straight Scaler | two cutting edges, on straight blade, that end in sharp point |
| Curved Sickle Scaler | two cutting edges, on curved blade, that end in sharp point |
| Scaler Uses | removal of heavy sub calculus slightly below the gumline and tissue is loose removal of sub or supra calculus interproximal under the contact area |
| Limitations of scaler | -pointed back can traumatize gum tissue if used subgingivally -flat sides do not adapt well to curved contours of tooth -sharp tip can gouge tooth surfaces |
| Curettes | -rounded toe -2 cutting edges -half moon shape -rounded back -spoon shaped working end (scoops debris) |
| Curette uses | subgingival calculus root debridement supra calculus close to the CEJ recession on root surfaces soft tissue curettage |
| Gracey Curette | -specialized instrument (deep into tissue) -face 60-70 degrees to terminal shank -one useful cutting edge (lower edge) -area specific (shanks are flexible or ridgid, face is bent and twisted) |
| Advantages of Gracey Curette | -adapts to specific surfaces -longer shank for facilitation into deeper pockets -round back doesn't damage tissue |
| Disadvantages of Gracey Curette | many instruments, 3 for posterior teeth rigid, flexible, extra rigid |
| Universal Curette | goes everywhere in the mouth |
| Universal Curette design | terminal shank is 90 degrees to the face 2 useful cutting edges paired instrument rigid shank (not flexible) curved in one plane only |
| Advantages of universal shank | efficient, less time ( 1 instrument throughout mouth) rigid shank allows moderate to heavy calculus removal |
| Disadvantages of universal shank | less tactile sensitivity more difficult to insert because working end is larger |
| Detection & assessment | probe & explorer |
| Scaling & root debridement | curette (gracey and universal) scaler |
| Instrument Identification | Classification, Design Name, Design Number, Manufacturer |
Created by:
kaylyflot