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GR Test 1
Greece World History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a political- unit city-state in ancient Greece | polis |
| What was the name of the of where the citizens gathered at the top of a hillside to discuss city government | acropolis |
| What was the a ruling of a single person called a king | monarchy |
| What was a government ruled by a small group of wealthy people | aristocracy |
| What geographic feature made political unity in Ancient Greece difficult | mountains |
| What was the climate like in Greece | mild |
| What percent of Greece is covered in mountains | 75% |
| The trojan war was fought between who and the trojans around 1200 B.C | Mycenaeans |
| It appears that, for the next 400 years after who migrated into Greece, the Greeks somehow lost their ability to use written language | Dorians |
| What is the general term for a narrative poem celebrating heroic deeds | Epic |
| Who is the ruler of the Greek gods who lived on Mount Olympus | Zeus |
| In Greece, a person who seized control of the government by appealing to the common people for support is a | Tyrant |
| Rule by the people became known as a | Democracy |
| Why was Athens not considered a full democracy? | All citizens couldn't vote |
| A city-state that built a military state rather than a democracy was | Sparta |
| A fighting form in which foot soldiers hold a spear in one hand and a shield in the other is | phalanx |
| What was Pericles three main goals | To strengthen the Athenian Democracy, Glorify Athens and help build a stronger Athenian Empire |
| What sat on top of the Acropolis in Athens. It was built to glorify Athens which was one of the goals of the Pericles, the leader of the Golden Age of Athens | the Parthenon |
| Why was it difficult for the Greeks to unite? | The greeks didn't live on much land but around the Mediterranean sea |
| Why was trade important to the ancient greeks? | because due to it mainly being an island the greeks could not get their goods on foot. So they used water transportation |
| Why do you think some people refer to the dorians as the " Dumb Dorians" | since they moved into war-torn territory, greeks temporarily lost the art of writing during the Dorian age |
| Describe greek religion and their gods | the greeks learned of their history through spoken word and through the greatest story teller Homer, also who told them about the greek gods. |
| Define culutural diffusion | the spreading of cultural ideas from one region to another. for example Homer and Greek mythology |
| define geography of greece | known as almost an island like region since it was surrounded by water East, West, and South. |
| define climate of greece | around 40 degrees in the winter and 80 degrees in the summer and most people spent their time outside |
| define mycenaean | a person who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C |
| define trojan war | a war found and led by Mycenaen kings who attacked the independent city of Troy |
| define dorian | the people who are basically known for the reason why Greeks temporarily lost the art of writing |
| define Homer | a blind storyteller who is known for creating Greek mythology |
| define myth | a traditional story about gods, ancestors or heroes told to explain the natural world or beliefs and customs of society |
| define Zeus | god of lightning and the most powerful god in Greek mythology |
| define Hera | goddess of women and marriage. |
| define Mount Olympus | Where all of the great gods and goddesses are; a myth to remember Heaven |
| define Epic | narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds |
| Which types of government existed in the Greek city-states? | monarchy, aristocracy, democracy, tyranny, and oligarchy. Most at the time used a monarchy which was ruled by a king. |
| Why was Athens not a full democracy? | Only free adult male property owners born in Athens were considered citizens. Women, slaves and foreigners had few rights |
| What was the focus on life in the city life of Sparta? | Military |
| What was the outcome of the Persian Wars? | The Athenians usually beat the Persians during the Persian wars. The Persians wore little armor and were barely trained. This led to a decrease in Persian threats. The city then entered its golden age in Athens. |
| How does an aristocracy differ from an oligarchy? | An oligarchy is when rule is given to the people based on wealth while aristocracy is where a group of privileged people and upper class people rule |
| How was living in Athens different from living in Sparta? | Living in Athens, men got less training and fighting experience than men in Sparta who started training at the age of 7 |
| Define polis | a greek city-state which was a fundamental political unit of ancient Greece |
| define acropolis | a fortified hilltop in an ancient greek city |
| define monarchy | government ruled by a king |
| define aristocracy | a government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility |
| define oligarchy | government in which powers is in the hands of a few people especially one of wealth |
| define tyrant | a powerful individual who gained a city-state's government by appealing to the poor for support |
| define democracy | a government controlled by its citizens directly or through representatives |
| define helot | in the society of ancient sparta a peasant bound to land |
| define phalanx | a military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields |
| define Persian Wars | a series of wars in the 5th century B.C in which greek city-states battled the persian empire |
| What were Percile's three main goals for Athens? | 1. To strengthen Athenian democracy,2. to hold and strengthen the empire, and 3. to glorify Athens |
| Why was the Parthenon built? | to honor Athena goddess of wisdom, war, and useful arts |
| What was the purpose of greek comedies? | They wanted a portrayal idea of beauty not realism |
| What was a result of the Peloponnesian wars? | Sparta won because they had the stronger army |
| What was one belief taught by the Greek philosopher Socrates? | He believed that absolute standards did exist for truth and justice |
| Define direct democracy | a form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives, was an important legacy of Percilean Athens |
| Define classical art | Ancient greeks values of harmony, order, balance, and proportion |
| Define tragedy | serious drama about theme such as love, hate, war, or betrayal. |
| Define comedy | contained scenes filled with slapstick situations and crude humor |
| Define Pelopennesian War | war between two city -states, Athens and Sparta. |
| Define Philosopher | "lovers of wisdom," they think nature has reasoning in an orderly way and subject to unchangeable laws. |
| Define Socrates | he believed absolute standards did exist for truth and justice and found his own school. |
| Define Plato | the writer of republic |
| Define Aristotle | Classical Greek philosopher, student of Plato and founder of the scientific method. He also tutored Alexander the Great. |
| Define Socratic method | questioning of another to get a clear expression of a truth supposed to be knowable by all rational beings |
| Where is ancient Rome located | on the Italian peninsula in the center of the Mediterranean sea |
| Where are the Alps located | in the north |
| Where are the Appenine Mts. located? what kind of plains do they have? | on the eastern coast and they have broad and fertile plains in the north and west. |
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