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Chemistry Chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is chemistry? | |
| The study of the composition, structure and properties of matter, and the processes that matter undergoes. | |
| What branch of chemistry is most concerned with the study of carbon compounds? | |
| Organic chemistry | |
| What is meant by the word chemical as used by scientists? | |
| In which of the six branches of chemistry would a scientist be working if he or she were doing the following: | |
| Identify each of the following as an example of either basic research applied research or technological development: | |
| What is mass? What is volume? | |
| How does the composition of a pure compound differ from that of a mixture? | |
| Define property. How are properties useful in classifying materials | |
| What is the difference between extensive properties and intensive properties? | |
| Define chemical property. List two examples of chemical properties. | |
| Distinguish between a physical change and a chemical change. | |
| How does a solid differ from a liquid? How does a liquid differ from a gas? How is a liquid similar to a gas? What is a plasma? | |
| What is meant by change in state? | |
| Identify the reactants and products in the following reaction: potassium + water > potassium hydroxide + hydrogen | |
| Suppose different parts of a sample material have different compositions what can you conclude about the material? | |
| what is the significance of the vertical Columns of the periodic table? What is the significance of the horizontal? | |
| compare the physical properties of metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases, and describe where in the periodic table each of these kinds of elements is located. | |
| Suppose element X is a poor conductor of electricity and brakes when hit with a hammer. Element Z is a good conductor of electricity and heat. In what area of the periodic table does each element most likely be long? | |
| Use the periodic table to write the names of elements that have the following below symbols and identify each as metal, nonmetal, metalloid, or noble gas. a.K b.Ag c.Si d.Na e.Hg f.He | |
| An unknown element is shiny and is found to be a good conductor of electricity what other properties would you predict for it? | |
| Use the periodic table to identify the group numbers and period number of the following elements: a.carbon,C b.argon,Ar c.chromium,Cr d.barium,Ba | |
| any substance that has a definite composition. | |
| In which of the six branches of chemistry would a scientist be working if he or she were doing the following: a.investigating energy b.comparing properties c.studying reactions | a.Physical chemistry b.Organic chemistry c.Biochemistry |
| Identify each of the following as an example of either basic research applied research or technological development: a.A refrigerator that is less damaging to the environment b.An element is synthesized c.A computer chip is redesigned | a.Technological development b.Basic research c.Applied research |
| Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. Volume is the amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies. | |
| A compound is a pure substance it contains only one type of molecule throughout. A mixture is made up of multiple types of substances. | |
| Properties are characteristics that define an entire set of substances. They can be used to classify an unknown substance as a member of that group. | |
| Extensive property depends on the amount of matter present.(Mass) Intensive properties do not matter on the amount of matter present.(Temperature) | |
| A substance ability to undergo change that transforms it into a different substance. Ex: gasoline burning or iron rusting | |
| In a chemical change a substance becomes a completely different substance, unlike in a physical change. Paper burning is a chemical change, ripping a paper in half is a physical change | |
| How does a solid differ from a liquid? How does a liquid differ from a gas? | Solid molecules are tightly packed, has definite volume and shape. Liquid molecules are loosely packed, has definite volume not shape. Gas molecules are spaced out, had indefinite volume and shape. |
| A change of state is a physical change of a substance from one state (solid liquid or gas) to another. | |
| The reactants, starting materials, are potassium and water. The products, ending materials, are potassium hydroxide and hydrogen. | |
| The material must be a mixture since different parts of the sample have different compositions. | |
| Vertical columns are groups, elements in the same group have similar properties and reactivities. Horizontal rows are periods, elements in the same period have gradual changes as you go across. | |
| Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, are on the left side. Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity, are on the right side. Metalloids are in the center. Noble gas are on the far right | |
| Element X is a nonmetal and is on the right side of the periodic table. Element Z is a metal and is on the left or center of the periodic table. | |
| a.Potassium, metal b.Silver, metal c.Silicon, metalloid d.Sodium, metal e.Mercury, metal f.Helium, noble gas | |
| Its properties indicate that is a metal. It would probably be a good conductor of heat also. | |
| a.Carbon is in Period 2 and group 14 b.Argon is in Period 3 in group 18 c.Chromium is in Period 4 group 6 d.Barium is in Period 6 group 2 | |
| How is a liquid similar to a gas? What is a plasma? | Particles of both liquids and gases move freely, they both have indefinite shape. Plasma is a high temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of the electrons. |
Created by:
Claudine.Alexis